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DSINESS & PROFESSION A

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From Larry Nrwbold It requires no vivid imagination to picture Mother Nature going about on autumn days with a liberal supply of paint, with which the she colors the leaves of the trees and other plants and thereby produces the riqt-of red, purple, orange, and yellow found in the woods. Every year at this time we revel in the beauty of the trees, knowing well that it is only a fleeting pleasure. Before long the leaves will flutter away from their summer home and become a part of the rich carpet that covers the forest floor. MANY , PEOPLE SUPPOSE that Jack Frost is responsible for the color change, but he is not. Some of the leaves begin to turn before we have any frosts. The Indians had a fantastic idea that it was because the celestial hunters had slain

Why The Leaves Change Color

the Great Bear — his blood dripping on the^forests changed many tjees to red. Other trees were turned yellow by the fat that splattered out of the kettle as the hunters cooked the meat. In reality, however, change in coloring is the result of chemical processes which take place in the trees as the season changes from summer to winter. ^ All during the spring and summer the leaves have served as factories where most of the foods necessary for the trees' growth are manufactured. This food making process takes place in the leaf in numerous cells containing chlorophyll, which gives the leaf its green color. * THIS MAGIC CHEMICAL absorbs from sunlight the energy that is

used in transforming carbon dioxide and water to carbohydrates, such s sugar and starch. Along with the green pigment are yellow pigments - the carotenoids — which, for example, give the yellow color to carrots. Most of the year these colors are masked by the great amount of green coloring. But in the fall, because of changes in the period of daylight and changes in temperature, the iehves stop their food making process. The chlorophyll breaks down, the green color disappears, and the yellowish colors become visible and give the leaves part of their fall splendor. At the same time other chemical changes may Occur and cause the formation of additional * pigments that vary from

yellow to red to blue. These are the flavonoids. Some of them give rise to the reddish and purplish fall colors of leaves of trees such as dogwoods and sumacs. Others give the sugar maple its brilliant orange. The autumn foliage of some trees shows only yellow colors, however, * and some, like many oaks, are gy*tly brownish. All these colors are due to the mixing df varying amounts pf the chlorophyll residue and other pigments in the leaf during the fall season. As the fall colors appear, other changes arc taking place. At the point where the stem of the leaf is attached to the tree, a special layer of cells develops and gradually severs the tissues that support the leaf At the same time

Nature heals the cut, so that when the leaf is finally blown off by the win or falls from its own weight, the place where it grew on the twig is marked by a scar. MOST OF THE broad leaved trees in the North shed their leaves in the fail. However, the dead brown leaves of the oak and a few other species may staywi the tree until growth starts again in the spring. In the South, where the winters are mild, some of the broad leavecf trees are evergreen; that is, the leaves stay on the trees during winter and keep their green color Most of ■the conifers — pines, • spruces, firs; hemlocks, cedars, etc. — f are evergreen in both the North and South. The needle or scale like leaves remain green or greenish the year

roi/nd, and individual leave may- slay 5n the tree for two to four.or more years. . Through fallen leaves, Nature has provided for a fertile forest floor Fallen leaves contain relatively large amounts of valuable elements, particularly calcium and potassium, Which were originally a part of the soil. But if fires are allowed to run throdgh the forest and the leaves are burned, valuable fertilizing elements are changed into oxides by the heat and may leach out of the soil. The beneficial water-absorbing humus' is destroyed. Forests that are burned over regularly lose their soil fertility and their ability to absorb and hold moisture, even though no apparent damage is done tothe trees. Larry Newbold it tounty I agriculturalagent.