l

Pnge Seven

CAPE MAY COTTKTY TIMES. SEA ISLE CITY, N. >.

Grieat Lakes Liivkedrf33 Wifk Ailaniic

EXIST IN SWARMS PRESERVATION of good siuge depends LARGELY UPON PACKING TO EXCLUDE AIR Chinese Race Compared to the Sea, Inexhaustible.

Great Baroe Canal of New York. Marvel of Enflineerinfl, Aids War Transportation

TV* ar&U*G£ CAAAL BOATS LEAV/ffG DOCJC m, Z

CiG

By ROBERT H. MOULTON. HE opening for through lr«f-

T fk Ml the Barge canal of New

York, remarkable both for ita pictarewtueneas an* for the engfac-ertug dlflktiltir*' overcome in co nut ruction which link* the Great Lakes with the

Atlantic ocean was fonnttly celebrated recently. The completion of this great inland sraterway. whirl) retjulred 13 years to build and Involved the expenditore of ipproxlmstcly $150.0U0.(■00. will be a wonderful l>oon to wur•Une tninaportation. It win relPwe he railroads of n tremendous quantity of nonpertsLablc freight, it* capacity l* estimated at ten million tons : initially, which Is tot equivalent of

half a million carloads.

The cn.tal is made up of fonr different hannels. aU of which have the same rcneral dimensions, the depth being •jlKiut 12 feet and width varying from 7!» fee: In earth sections of “land line” to a minimum of 200 feet In the beds <■! ranslUed rivers'and lakes. These • hnnnels are: The Erie canal, or main line, between Buffalo and Troy; the (iswego. running from Syracaae to Lake Ontario; the OtampUln. extendlag from Trey up the Hudson to Lake <'hutnplain, and the Cayuga-SeDeca. •'onnectlag the so-called “ringerLakeo*' with the main channel. By ■Mans of the Hudson river. New York city and the municipalities and volutes south of Albany are brought Into

touch with the system.

This new channel was constructed In s^-ordanee with principles radically dlftcnut from those which governed oo «*ld canals. On these old channels the I'leu was to keep the hillside above the river, and sir.•am* and to nae animal l*mer for towing purposes. In the present wprk, Njwsver. the practice In '••cue on tlie Continent, where the lowwater routes available In natural *ireams arc used, baa been followed wfcemwr practlrahle. lu fact, the larcer (art of the new ■rwcm consists of the canalisation of the river* and

lakca.

Locks and Dams Built.

In order to make navigation possible • w the rivers and lakes It was neceoM.rj to maintain *a swlflrd minimum depth and provide what Is termed -luck-water navigation-" This was MT-rpHrittd by the const ru.1 ion of •lams and liH-ks. tlie dams holding the water at a mere or less flxed elevation .-U.ve the level of the stream and the • ■ k» permitting the barges to mo-e *rom one level to another. Between Uttle Kails and Troy, on the Erie maat. ten dams have been consirncted. " Idch provide for navigaUoc on the .nalised Moliawk river. Two of these Mruetnrua are ut tlw “filed typo" while • are movahir. Tltese actually •ke tlie river n aeries of lakes, the •■'lei- lu-'ween the dams being prac’('■■lly level and ordinarily, without i iiirli rurrent. A lock Is constructed at '•e side iae», dam ••naple the ' r.-es tn |uis> from the different levU a> travelers ncross the state have

•It Ibc mmalih- du'n' »hPh

•1 -wr lo be at act bridges, yet have ' . proarliea. Thl- type «»f Stnp- j lhe bridge floor o.' each structure j

flood period. It allows the river .o flow on uninterrupted, while during the navigation season It serves Its full purpose as n dam and may be ao operated as to pass a large or small quality of water, thus keeping each pool at It* proper level. Highest Lift Locks. There are U1 locks oo the Erie canal, all of which are massive concrete structures, having inside rectangular dimensions of 300 by 44.44 feet and a lifting capacity varying from a few feet up to 40% feet. At Waterford the lock* are so constructed that a aerie* of five servee to lift the barge* from the Hudson river to the canalized Mohawk river. 100 feet above the level of the government lock at the Troy dam. These structures hare been called the world's greatest aerie* of hlgh-Ilft locks and their lift is double that of the locks In the Panama canal from sea level to summit. One of the highest lift locks In the world Is located at Little Kail*, where the difference In pool elevation Is 4t*V4 fr~t. This massive structure has concrete walls, which stand 80 feet high and are 30 feet wide at the base. The lower gate Is of the lift type and Is raised and lowered. Instead of l*elng swung open and shot as are the gates

on other locks.

la the operation of all locks the water Is admitted to and drawn from the chamber by means of culverts running through the ride walls, and the openings have been so designed that the filling and emptying of the -chamber Is only a matter of a few minutes. The lock* are all electrically operated and the chamber* are filled or emptied while the gates and valves are opened or closed by rimply turning a lever. Safety devices are also arranged ao that errors In operation or navigation are practically eliminated. Tlie Erie canal Is spanned by 232 bridges, of which 50 are railroad crossing*. The cl re run re under these structures must he at least 15% feet. Guard Against Accident. In the 'Tend line." guard gate been provided which are located about ten milts apart. These are steel structure*. suspended from towers and may lie lowered to hold the water. In case of etuergeno. such as might e*l"t If an embankment became weakened or any »lniilar accident made It desirable to unwatrr any section at lb* channel. Numerous culvert* and spillway* which keep the water front overflowing the hanks have been provided and a hundred million yards of earth and rook have been removed, while three million yard* of concrete have been

placed.

Whlli the actual construction |N-riod ba* been about 13 years thl*. considering the magnitude and ramification* of the work, la a very short time. The man> structure, and the nature of the territory tbraugb Wbl-h the different channel, run has made thl* one of the rrally Important engineering uudertak Inga of the age. and the ttmriruettOD detail* have lireti the nw»t extensive, the |ilau. alone brtns some of the most elaborate and complete ever drawn Up for any large construction wort The 4vast of handling freight on toe railroad*, before recent Increase, went Into effect, varied from ««" «*• seven mill* per ton p«r mile, the average »«• Ing la-tween three and »i* mill* iwr ton mile It U now rstlmuled I hat this

talncd by ordinary freight trains, either in norma: times or under present

conditions.

Transportation Problem Acute. It Is admitted .that the transportation fa rill tic* of «ar country'. »* well a* our transoceanic shipping, underlie our abll.ty te carry the present wsr to a successful conclusion. The war has. Indeed, brought us face to face with a problem lu tranK|*.r.*tloo that Is vital aod critt'- - i. There Is cot a business community from one end of the country to the other that Is not dealing with the question. A con gestlon has arisen 'hat has affected almost every factory In the Tlnltrd States and even extended to our homes. The Saw York Barge canal offers a solution lo many of our transportation problem*. This waterway—and It may be called the most important canal In the United States—has been thrown open at a time when Its usefulness can he fully appreciated, and when It can fulfill a mission not dreamed of by Its original projectoi*. It can easily carry a total of ten million tons of freight and this Is as much as can be carried on one-fifth of all the freight cars on ah the rail lines In the United States. It Is equivalent to whs; could be carried oa a string of freight cars which. If pi*red end to end. would extend from Denver to New York <ity.

Color and He

An old cavalry officer says that one may judge the constitution and character of a horse from Ita color. Bright chestnut* and light bays are high spirited. but nerron* and delicate. Dark chestnuts and glossy black* are hardy and good tempered. Rich hay* have great spirit, but are teachable. Dark and Iron grays are hardy and sound, while light gray* are the opposite Roans, either -trasrbemr or Woe. are the hardiest and best working of all. even tempered, easiest to train, taking kindly to everything. Rusty Mark* mre distinguish.-d for their pig-headed•><•**. A horses “white stocking*” give another elew to < harmrter. A horse with one white leg la a had one. with 'wo It* temper '* uncertain, with three It la absolutely safe, with four may be trusted far a while only.

Impulse That Rules Yellow People Keeps Nation From ExtinctionWhite Men Cut Little Figure in Vast Land. The proereatlvi- impulse rules Chins as the Manehus never ruled IL Three out of four babies die, hut the fourth i' more than enough. Kill 100.000.000 Chinese and in two generations there are more graves cluttering the earth, but ms mary living a* ever. The principal product of China Is cheap, rice-fed men. who work and starve, or perhaps freeze to death In thi 1 cold January nights, or die by the hundreds of thousands In periodical fnmines, or obstinately survive and raise more cheap, rice-fed men. There an- hundreds of minions of them with vision bounded by a bowl of rice and the desire of male offspring. The race I* like the sea*. Inexhaustible. Imperishable. It does cot wither nway at the breath of western civilization. It doe* not disappear. It does not go under. I

It persists.

It Is. moreover, an Impermeable | race: to attempt to Interpenetrate It Is a* hopelesx as to pour water Into a Jar filled with mercury. I thought of Macao. Walter R. Wryl writes In Harper's Magazine. . The Portuguese have been there more than three centuries and have contrived to make of It a beautiful city, living on opium, gambling and other devices, like a prerty prostitute In pink ribbons. The picturesque streets have Portuguese names, but the city Is Irredeemably, unalterably Chinese. Look down from the green-dad bills upon the flat roofs, blue and green sod red. of the clustered. wind-swept rity. ana you see the homes not of Portuguese, but of Orientals. Of a population of 75.000. only a aesnt 2.000 dnlm n dubious ; Portuguese origin. The same Is true of Hongkong, with Its British bund and Its foreign banks, and its few thousand white-faced men surrounded by swarming Chinese. In the Hongkong dty of Victoria, which is a narrow strip between the granite hills and the bay. the wealthy white inhabitants fcre forced upward onto the terraced hlllsldea. where their charming semi-tropical gardens look out upon the bine w»ter. while below on the narrow plain, inundation after inundarion of Chinese fills the dty to the saturation point. There are districts In the dty—Chinese district*, of course—where the population averages more than 540,000 to the square mile (1,000 to the acre), aod the crowding tends to become worse. It is a Chi-

nese dty.

So. too. Tientsin. Shanghai. Hankow, though they have their foreign ronceafdonm. small European Islands In an Asiatic ocean are in population unmistakably Chinese. The white man comes and goes; he Uvea on the surface of China as n flea might live upon the hide of a rhinoceros. The Chlneaa remain, breed, multiply.

SAVING ALL OF CORN CROP BY SILO METHOD.

(Prepared by the United States Department of Asrteuttura.i Cut corn for stlsge wher the kernels have passed the milk stage and are beginning to dent. At this period the greatest amount of food material can be obtained and the best quality of

silage made.

The cutter should he adjusted to cut the corn In short lengths, with threefonrths of an Indi ns the maximum length. In general the finer the fodder Is cut the more easily and more coqipartly It can be packed and in con«equence the better the quality of

the silage.

Thorough Packing Necessary. Too much stress cannot be laid upon the necessity of thoroughly packing the fodder lu the silo so as to exclude the air as much as possible. It Is upon this one thing that the keeping of silage largely depends. A device consisting of a jointed pipe, or some variation of It. attached to the top of the blower pipe Is at present In for distributing the cut corn fodder In the alio. By the use of this distributor It Is possible for one man to scatter the cut corn evenly and at the same time to tramp It. Without of this device It Is ncresxary to have at least one extra man In the fork the material over so that It I* evenly packed. Besides the saving of one man's labor, the distributor

uptilrimi used I* bj |- c Internal- combu-iion rna

Why Indaed?

If we may Judge by the recert and •letennlned Intnuaua of spirits into so thorahlp. heaven bids fair to be stacked »1tb printing presses One of their number. Indeed, the “Living Dead Man.” whose publisher* have an hesltstlaglv revealed (nr. I might say. announced) Ms Identity, give* high praise to s ghostly library, well rate Ingued. and containing millions of book* and record*. With such re sources at their command, with the ' universe for Inspiration, and the un counted dead for seadera. »hy rhould dlaembodled iplrita force an entrance Into our congeMrd literary world and i compete with the living arrthhlera who ■«k tb-lr little day!—Agnes BrppUw.

In the Atlantic.

gelling Money a Bualnsas In China. In rhlna dee ling In money la a burt nr**, one of the flourishing Industrie* ! of the country, says World Outlook. There ore shops that deal In nothing j eloe—mofiey exchange shops. You «ltl .ind one In nearly every twisted Utile •tree! In every city, often merely little boles In the wall, where a aaull-eapped proprietor site hehlpd a brans railing with little piles of money on each -Me of him and swiftly finger* hi* counting IxKird. Here you go sbopphu: f,,r money. ]u»t a* you go for a bite flannel. suit*. eg»», green Jade and fan(,.ji xj|w—end you bargain Just ns long and Ju-t a* hard in the oblique ami d.-v ion- *b)- of the Orient. A na- , ,-urrency system tie-re !* n-»t.

This tha Ds. jf Young Men. In their enthusiasm, some well stricken In years have been heard to argue (hat this ought to be called the day of old men. Bat oue would have to l>e not only old but foolish to attempi to maka that out. Youth wit! still be served, it is really more cm phnttcally than ever before the day of young men. ThelrS the main service, theirs the thrill and ecstasy of patrl otic devotion. Tel their elders cannot be denied a share In the great making of history which Is going on. To be living through It at any age 1* to *tlr the pulses and quicken the Imagination. It Is a time when, with the country making so many call* upon her older anas, they can scarcely be blamed If they adapt for their own use the poet ,, saying, and declare that It la a period a hen It As bites tn be alive and very Heaven to be old.—New York Evening Post.

doe* away with the nuisance of having the loose material flying around, thus annoying the mac In the alio, end also lessen* the danger of being struck by some foreign object that may have passed through the blower. Add Water at Cutting Time. Oftentimes the corn fodder Is oo dry when It la cut that It 1* necessary to add water to make up for the deficiency In moisture and provide for the proper packing of the silo. This water is most entity added to tha blower when the corn Is being cut. and It is also more thoroughly mixed with the cut materia] In thl* way. For the top layer of the alio It la good practice to u*e heavy green stalks from which the ears have been removed. Tills forms a heavy layer that packs well and at the *aroc time coot Ins a smaller amount of food mateI rial so that the minimum loss Is sua- ' talncd If It spoil*. Various methods and material* have been used for covering the top of the *!Iagc to prevent Its spoiling. None bus given complete satisfaction, but the one mentioned above ha* given as good result* a* any. especially when the top layer was thorougMy wet down and packed firmly by tramping. The best practice is to commence feeding as soon ns the silo Is filled. In which case there will be no loss of silage through

decay.

DAIftYNOltS

Englishman's Idea of a Yankee. A b un American was monoi>ollzlDf the conversation at the dab. “Yaaa." be drawled. “I’ve been about some. I've lumbered on the Ml*, .wlppl. met bnir* In the Rockies, seen cattle ranchln' out Texas way. glanced round Australia, wren aotn# bush life an’ gold minin’. “iiohnirfibcd with Indian rajaha, watched a bull acriromage In Spain. China? Reckon I Jest have. Bln any whi're elac? 1 should Kmlle. There'* Japan 'he Alp*. Switzerland, and that Je*t alaiut finishes the ca-

boodle.”

“What la hi* i*rofe**lon?" a*ked Bonn- one. when the American had do-

parted.

“HI* profcMlon?" said a little man | who bad hlthirto not spoken. “Why, | he's manager of a cineinatogniph show > In the West End."—Lood.m Tit Bit*. J

Forgot the Laundry.

They wore on an IntiTurhan ear j hound for the Mg e.ty. One of them, the rot) of n banker, had M-eti ln-

Mllk and milk products are the best tinman food* kDOWC Cows mast Save shade during the beet of the day In summer. A good dairyman dess not keep cow s; he makes Id* cows keep him. Diarrhea Is the most common form of calf trouble* met with In hand-raised

calve*. • • •

All good dairy cows should be given a name and every cow should know her name. The palls used In fe4dlng calves mu*t bo kept otricUy clean and used (or no other purpose. The need of thl* country Is not ao much more cows as It Is better cows, more properly :< u and cared for. Milk and milk pr oducts should he more widely used on all our farms during thl* period of our nation’s food shortage. Cream spoils when It get* warm. Market or ship cream three time* n week In hot weather and twice a week In winter. ^ • Much skim milk which formerly went to the feeding of calves, pigs and chickens must now bo utilized for human food. Constant vigilance Is the price of healthy calves, and the feeder must always be on the lookout for coudltlous of scouring.

• • •

Where one has a number of cow* and considerable dairy products to market some kind of refrigeration will I be IndUpcnssble.

* * *

| It Is not rras4>nablr to rxjM-ct proflt- ! able returns from rows In warm weather when they must stand In ti.v bet sun

! and fight file* ail day.

] GUARD STOCK FROM P0IS0KS ] In Many Instance* Loss of Cattle and Sheep Cculd Have Been Fro-

vented by Precaution.

Many sheep and rattle are lost from eating poisonous plants and other material. In many Instances a Uttle foresight on the port of the owner would have prevented low*. To cite one specific plant, most stockmen In the eastern part of the country know tha\ laurel te poisonous, and yet they will pasture their animal* In a w'«odland pasture In spite of the fact that laurel abounds. Sometimes a few. at other time* many, animals are poisoned. Other |Kil»4>nnus plant* abound In both the cast4-111 posture* and the western grazing land*, many of which are definitely known and 4-asily recognized. A Uttle |irveautlon through fencing and selecting paetun-s would materially reduce the death* due to plant jxiltoulng. Larkspur, lupine, water hemlock, darnel grass, wild cherry, j loco, while snake root, wilted sorghum and ouk brush (shinnery oak) are the more common plants which exact a

heavy toU.

Inorganic poisoning of farm stock is also far from I •ring of rare occurrence. Common sail la definitely known to be very poisonous to hogs and chicken* la comparatively small quantities. Soap powder in swill ha* been the cause of death of swine. Antiseptic tablets and rat poisons also have caused deaths oirong farm animals. 1'atent rat pastes, am. «*ven flreworka. have been ewt-n hy fowl*, which died later from the effects of phosphorus poisoning.

Great care should be talo-n In w Ing the milk pall*. The*.' shouh

SUPPLY OF SEED CORN (Prepared hr tbs Unlttd Rtates DOl^rtment ft Agriculture ) When corn ripen* drop all other buslne** and select an abundant supply of wed corn from the standing stalk*. The process Is too liu|M>rtxnt to be eon4!iicl4"d Incidentally while husking. When selecting seed oora

tent Ion. Get th.well, and your >n will return you m

cry Sm

Hint