* Good diW viMcar whirti will ni*«t the reqnlr«n«ita of borti federal a*d ktat<,' {(*4$ lenw esn be.amde on the f«nn, *«} the apedatiatt of the borean Of cb.jplatTT, Called Btatea department of njfricuimre. Oder vlnefar ia made by anbV-tlas apple dder to a proceaa of alcobolle fcrmeatatloo by which the anpir lu the appte Juice la changed to alcohol, prododng what la commonly called hard dder, and 'hen BOhJedlnc the hard dder to a process of acetic fenneotatlaa by which .'he alcohol Is chanced to acetic add. Tto acetic add Circs to Ttaegar its characteristic sourness. Windfall apples which are not creen or rotten, email applea, asd any ■oond applea that cannot be marketed aa fruit may be tmed protfltahly for ytoecar ™»fcin C Neither green nor rotten apples srlll make good dder or

Apple Cider la Changed Into Alcohol. Which In Turn Is Converted Into AcetK.

Add In Making Vinegar.

tlnecar. Dirt, crass, leaves, and nny forelpn substance. If allowed to jret thto the press with the applea, win not only injure the flavor but may retard the vinecarMnaklnc proeciw*. The appb-s should be ground fine and then pressed slowly. Aa much of the Juice ns possible should be pressed out, but it la not profitable to add water to the pomace for a necond pressing. The dder should be allowed to settle for a day or two In loosely stoppered barrels or other covered receptacles. There are two well-known processes for converting hard dder Into vinegar. One Is known as the '•low-barrel process. This la the simplest and requires the least work and attention, but the disadvantage of reqalring a long time for completion. The second method Is known as the rolling generator process, which Is more elaborate and requires dally attention.

USE OF^CORN

United States Couumes More Than Any Other Country

BBS = ■ Consumption of corn In the United States Is 29.40 bushels per capita, the largest of any eourtry in the world. It la also the largest corn producer in the world, raising over 80 per cent of the entire crop. Anatria-Hongary la the second largest consumer, using 8.77 bushels. The Netherlands uses R-Of‘ bushels, Italy 2£9 bushels, as It Is a Urge manufacturer af macaroni, and Belgium uses 2.16 bushels. Japan Is the smallest corn consumer, using only j07 bushels. Crops In moat countries this year are below average. The avenge production and consumption of corn. Including cornmaal, aa given by the department of agriculture, U Ubu-

Uted below In buabeU:

AustrU-H. Bsiglu-i No data. France aWMOO Oarmany ......No data. MJSUU India <Brli.)....No d - - Ihdy Urn. Kingdom...Ko data U. B..~ -XtUJfUm hMMU.4B

Wrist Motion Ascrflied as ’Secret of Attaining Speed In Art of Husking Com Corn husking U rapidly becoming an art of rare attainment. In years past, observes a writer In the IUlDots State Keglster. many good stories have been told about record* achieved by men accomplished in that art. As stated by a husking expert. In years past, farmers coupled size with skill and VouM not hire a hand to husk corn rnlesa he was a giant physically. Those were the days before the arienre of the business had been developed. Experience taught the lesson that the wrist motion. If properly acquired. would enable an ordinary busker to develop speed. When the science of the game was brought out. the smaller men gradually won recognition as buskers of rare ability. No standard of prodoc!Ion can l>e laid down to govern the ability of the average busker. The -foundation of the corn determines greatly the speed of the picker. With corn of medium height, well matured and standing erect, there la some opportunity to estimate a good day’s work. These three conditions rarely ever listed

at the same time.

Viewed from the angle of a trade, corn shucking la rapidly becoming a ernf*. according to the announcement

Why the Setting Sun Seems Larger and of Oval Shape. We all know an optical Illusion makes the setting sun seem larger and often of an oral shape, says 1‘opnlar Astronomy, but a recent explanation by W. F. Ilndgley of some of the causes which bring this about Is Interesting. The atmosphere near the earth's surface, when hot and dusty, acts as a magnifying glass. Looking upward, we sec through more rarefied air, which docs not possess the magnifying power. The ova appearance It due to the fact that the sun Is seen through the edge of on aerial lens, which may be clearly Illustrated by drawing a small circle on a piece of white paper and placing a reading glass over It. Under the center of the lens the circle appears round, hut If the glass Is moved until the circle Is near Its edge its shape changes to an oval.

Cigar Makers Now Propose The Conservation of Boxes. The Tobacco Men hir tits' Association of the United States would save a total of 29,7S6£86 feet of lumber through a conservation program which they will submil to the war IndOMrtra board for approval. One of the most expenaive features la eonnecllon with the sale of cigars is the container. The moat common container Is the wooden box. Under the plan, which Is now being canvassed by the tobacco and cigar manufacturers of the country, no cigars of certain classes would be parked lu wooden boxes of less than 100 each cnimcHy, and the thlckneM of all such box material would be reduced us far as practicable. Under this arrangement there would be few cigar* In eoiitolnera of 60 rapacity, and none at all In containers of 28 or tan capacity.

of a local tre' , o Journal. In past years corn shuckera have worked without any attempt to secure a uniform rate. In most cases the sharker worked by the day and It followed that on rainy and stormy day*, the men drew their wages, even though they did not go into the field. As com husking grew to lie more nnd more a profession. It Is reported, the buskers began to angle for shorter hours and a more uniform aealr of wages, cither based upon the day wage or the eoimalsslon on the bu*hel gathered. The latter system | a rap-

idly gaining a foothold.

Pithy Paragraphs

Is looking for dlf-

tfaiug In

l bis pocket for luck.

U. S. Flag Standards. The pretddi-ni of the United Slates has no oRlrlal (lug. but as commander In chief of the army and navy his presence Is notified by distinct standard*. The nmiy flag Is red. and bears in the center the ofllrlnl coat of arms of the United States. Bearing the same coat of anur and some" bat similar. except in color—blu* —is the

navy flag.

Neatly Ail Undersea Boats Are Equipped With Kitchens Where Cook Prepares Meats In the earlier submarine* no provision was made for cooking the meals. Everything had to be eaten cold. . This did not - matter when these craft were quite with a correspondingly small radius at

on.

ut when larger undersea boats came to be built, the provision of properly cooked hot meals became a prwnng necesaitv. So now. says a writer In Pearson 1 * Magazine, all but the very oldest types of submarlt e* are fitted with a small galley, no bigger than a very moder-ute-fdzed cupboard, where the cook has Just room to stand In front of hla doll's house stove. This latter Is electrically heated. In order that the already oppressive air may not be further vitiated by smoke or fumes. The menu on board a submarine is not varied, consizting mostly of stew, with an occasional ‘Tnngup" of salt fish for n change* end plenty of strong, piping-hot coffee to chase away sleep from the tired eyelids. Meals are eaten out of aluminum dishes Jn collapsible mess-tables when the vessel Is submerged. When the submarine l* mining on the surface her crew usually prefer to take their platen #f stew on deck, and the North a attends to Its salting for them.

The beginner and the careless should never attempt midwinter batching. The care is extensive, the loss great. One old In the business decisrrs that the beginner should put off batching until April and May. and the rather then will help him. Winter hatching pays best for the experienced poultrymnn who lire* dose to a good paying broiler market, or the fancier who wants show birds ready for the fall fairs. Also. It pays to hatch. If you can do it successfully, some of the large, alow maturing breeds, such aa Cochin or Rr.ihma. In January. Tliese, If not hatched until late April or May. seldom come Into laying until the next April—unless their owner knows how 9 push pullets Into laying successfully. if you bate*- In January you must not grumble If you get but n half ba ch, and some cf these will be too wesk to lire lonr against the time of year, hot this you know—those that do live and grow strong and hearty t sorely bring you profit early In some manner. If you hatch in winter you must have warm winter quarters for your chirk". Poultry men who sell eggs for hatching purposes quite ofa have all thi-lr owt> flocks hatched me time before the (all for hatching eggs cornea in, which is often not un-

til In April.

T HEBE Is n story toW of the colonel of a certain regiment of British troops who was addressing the men under his command Just prior to their Inspection by ■ well-known English general. After hod explained to the details of the Inspection, his clow Ing remark was. "Now, when the general la here stand still, don't spit, and for God - , take don't call me , BIU.' ” There may or may not be any troth In this story, bui It Is wonderfully typical of the men that comprise the British expeditionary forces, whether they are In France. Mesopotamia. Serbia, Selonlki, Russia or any other part of the g'obe. Never In the hlstqry of the world hat there been such democracy as exist* in the ranks of the allies fighting In France today. The young second lieutenant whose ancestry perhaps dates back noble who landed In England with William the Conqueror, Is eating, sleeping. working and fighting side ny side with the coster frocn Whitechapel or the laborer from the Liverpool docks. And the benntiful port of the whole thing Is that they arc comrades in reality as well as In name. The ponderous German military machine was evolved from the traditions nnd experiences of a nation fed upon war and the Idea of war for centuries, end the bedrock principles of ruthless discipline and the breeding of an ‘officer caste' with the iron power to role, savagely If necessary, were adopted as the starting points of military effi-

looey.

Xet the war has shown that Is many ways the German system of army bonding is entirely wrong—that discipline and democracy can exist aide by aide, and that the unthinking armed of German creation is no match for the soldier whose power of Initiative has been fostered and developed ty training methods. The Canadian army corps Is a splendid ease In point, more especially in view of the magnificent record for bravery and endurance which It has maintained since the first gas attack at Tpree la Wifi gave it immortality. 00 per cent of the Canadians are volunteers—men who gave up their

Total Value of 1918 Food Crop in France Falls Below Amount Produced Last Year. D.-spUr an Increase of 25 per cent In wlu-at production, the total value of the 1018 crop of cereal*, beans and potatoes In Franc- la leas than that of last year. This has been disclosed by M. Horn, the French food controller of the chamber of deputte*. In an ad-

dress.

“II should be stated clearly." aald M. Ron-t. “that ll.'i total nutrition value of the 1018 crop of cereals as well ns txrans and potatoes In France, I* below the total nutrition vulnc of these products for last year. The wheat crop fortunately Is larger and of better quality, but the maize, barley, oats, beans and potato crops are considerably Mealier. “The potato Hltuctlon la particularly grave, for whereas the average for the last ten years la IZOWXXs) long tons, this year the potato crop will not exceed 7.500,000 long tons. Despite this shortage, we rnu.t supply the allied troop* fighting In our land. We canpot possibly refuse this IndbqN naable food to English and American troops who arc constantly increasing in num-

offleas, factoriea, on farms

and In mines to fight for an ideal—Uh•rtf- Few had even rudimentary notions of military training, yet so keen ware they to get to France and ao capable was tne organlsaMoo devised to , meet an unprecedented situation that ; wall within two months after the outj break of war no fewer than aunnp men. fully equipped and partially l trained, were dlspitcbed to England. History will record this fact as one of ; I he greatest military efforts of all i time—a triumph for democracy as op-

posed to the Potsdam principle,

i Since the beginning merit has been the only path to promotion in the Cenadtei. army; position. Influence or , wealth cannot alone bring advanceinenL Aa a consequence many peculiar and sometimes humorous situations arise. For instance, in one regiment the commanding officer and the senior major are both sons of one of the noncommissioned offlcera In the same regiment. Just one other case: A mllliooulrr manufacturer who is a corporal was welkin* along a road in Flanders. A majoi approached and recognition was mutual. The major had been a bookkeeper lu the millionaire's factory prior to the war. Now the millionaire calls him 'air' and aalutes him. and

docs It willingly und cheerfully.

The fine spirit of comradeship, often amounting to friendliness, that exists between offlcera and men, characteristic of a country free from caste prejudice*. in no way Impairs discipline or efficiency as the record of the Cboadtans in the field ao amply proves. The

The Latest Flag.

The latest addition to the dags of nations Is the standard of the new Siberian republic. It Is plain white and green, syrntx-llxlng the country'* mowficld* and Us virgin forests,

appreciate the privilege of free speech with their superiors, but never abuse It. and any man with a legitl-

loyalty prompted some of the deeds of the war. The high standard of edueatJon and Inudll.inc* accounts la a grant man* ere tor the extraordinary adaptability of the Canadians to new and varying style* of warfare nd for their ability to spring many painful surprises upon the Hun In the shape of 'ruses de .' Balding, which la bow recocts essential for IntaUlgeoce puroriginated with then and has been developed to such an extent that the Germans have found it necessary to Issue frequent army orders warn tag commanders to he particularly watchful when opposed to the Cana

armies. Is almokt bnrtaDy frank In Ik all listens to Canadian aggressive:** and practically admits Gait It wosB be hopeless to try and cl velop a riidttm ' of Initiative among Gennu think, but

ugly, to be loyi! to his officer* sal to the tradltteas of British ehlvsliT sod Justice. The days of siav^driven armies art over ami the old savage spirit of mintariam that forfeited men's II*** *• the god of war Is about to and tar all—a hspW result made possible to a great extral by volunteer force* led and not drift* to fight, waging war not for war’s »-ks or last of conquest hot for the fra* dom of the world.

BOY? FIRST TO WEAR ARMOR

of Rems Scorned the

Idea of Such Protection From

Danger as It Oavs.

While these metal clothes, uncomfortable hot end heavy though they were, have been a necessary style of wearing apparel ever since the forgotten ages when men began to quarrel and to strive, writes E. S. Brooks. In '‘Stories of Uy Middle Ages." It was not until n comparatively recent date that warrior* rod* to battle —holly Incased In armor. The Assyrians and Egyptians, the Greeks and Roman* of the earlier days, wa-e satisfied with such partis 1 protection as would shield . . . part of their bodies. . . . The stout old Roman legionaries, bronzed end scarred with exi>oeure and fighting, laughed rather contemptuously a* the fresh levies which, when sent to the field, wished to shield their bodies as muon as possible. Indeed, the first use cf the word amor, a* ws understand It ia found In the works of • military writer of the latter part of the fourth century A. D., one T. Vcgetlu* Reflate*, who refers to armor aa a defease worn only

earliest of the knights.

e tint

• were the first le loti armor and were the

German Ids*. “The German Idea of a good is on* who breaks all the rule*.'' **« Repre-cotstlve Robert* of Nevada. “The ao.fier who kills the most bnWr*. murders the most women and pote*** lb* most wells is the best soldier, according to the German hlro. The Germans remind me of tbs youth who said to Us fa the.: “ 'Father. I have saved •#*> dollarathe first money I ever saved In my U' f - Naturally I feel rather proud of u>f - “ ■Good r said the father. 'So r«o r # *erod leu dollars, eh? How did yoo 60 itr “ Tsrtt night.' the youth chuckled. T lost ten dollars la a poker gam* Wli then refused to square up.'"

Irish, Both.

Aged Criminal (who has Just got * j life aenttoce)—“Oh. yer honor. 1 *h*U never live to do If Judge (eootliin£ j ly)—“Never mind I Do ns much of K as you c*n.“—Bouton Transcript.

fifleet of Intense Cold, luteaee cold causes a dulling of the mums, taste and smell becoming almost nil- The lack of these two ■saasa seems, however, to be a very k>nd and wise provision of nature to eni Me the traveler In the cold arctic regions to eat ell kind* of oily, dteiigrceslil* foods Uke blubber and fat. which am necessary as heat producer*. The effect of cold on the eyea Is very dangerous. It vtusvs them first gradually to close and then to freese

Dutch Dog*. In Holland the lot of some dogs la not at all a happy one. Many of them have to work very hard. Indeed, for the little food that la necaaaar; to keep them alive. In many Instances the food they eat la not the same as the American dog has. Somu Dutch dogs will cat carrot* and turnip*—ta fact, almost anything that is put before/them. They have ;o draw the vegetables, milk and other tradesmen's certs In or r that mynheer may walk V4 ease. _

Not the tarns. “Dad. I see is many war* thure ha* 1 * been privateers.” "Whyr "Was a privateer the earn* •• • profiteer r “By no means. A privateer prey' 1 on the enemy, my eon."—Kansas Journal.

Tboee who believe eo earnestly th*| “money will do everything" am m'* 5 ept to be wiUl ug to “do anything