STQOD^OR JjlJMAK: UBEf^Yv Jean JacQuei Rod*ceru Had Rich* Conception of Conditions That Made for .Freedom. Prof. Kenneth Colcprove of Syracuse university declares that world democracy is the solo basis of world Fence. tVriUue In the World's Work he says: In the year 1T13. when the ambassadors of the Kuropron powers were cngneed at the congress of Utrecht In bringing to a close the War of the Spanish Succession, tbe Abbe de SaintPierre was writing the final pages of hto little treatise cm Hod the “Project for Perpetual Peace.” He proposed confederation of the kings and prince* mt Knrope. with a congress or diet of ambon-adon; where all dispute* between the different auto* should be ■ettlad by arbitration, and where general rules should bo adopted from rime to time for the purpose of promoting the pence and welfare of each and every realm. Rousseau criticised the abbe's plan, declaring it contained one flaw, a flaw which vitiated the otherwise noble plan. He believed that a confederation of European states could never be formed so long as kings and princes ruled. For the essence of kingship was nothing else than the passiou to extend its dominion without and Its nt -olutism within: and no plan of confederation. Rousseau was convinced, would ever be able to quench the old Are* of rivalry and despotism. But even If a general - alliance of European monarch* were possible. It was manifestly Impossible to guarantor princes against the revolt •f their people unless at the same time subjects were given" a guaranty against the tyranny of their ruler*. In launching this latter criticism against the abbe's project the author of the “Soalal Contract" foresaw the contingency •f tlic Holy Alliance of 1815. wbea the -autocrats of Europe called the Indivisible Trinity to witness that, as brothers of the same family, they would defend the doctrine of the divine right of kings against the contradiction of revolution wherever It shonld appear. Vet more trenehant was the crltl•Iwn of Voltaire. “Tlie peace imag> tued by the Abbe dc Salnt-I’lerre," aald She philosopher of Kernay. “is a chimera which could no more subsist between princes than between elephants nnd rhinoceroses, or between wolves and dogs. Carnivorous anlmuis rush to attack each other on all occasion*.'’ Xhe “Project for Perpetual Peace" according to Voltaire, was not absurd In Itself, but In the miiuner of Its proposal. There would always be wars of ambition and conquest, until people learned that It was only a small number of generals and minis'rrs who profited thereby.

Name Mountain “Roosevelt." Impressive ceremonies attended by many soldier and^civillan friend' of the former president will mark the dedication of Mount Theodore Roosevelt on July 4. Shortly after the death of Colonel Roosevelt the pioneers of the Black Hills met nt Dead wood, S. D., and de •hied to change the name of Sheep mountain, near Deedwood. to Jfloout Theodore itooeeveli. Feeling that the spirit of Independence day typified the Ideals of the late president It was decided to postpone tbe form;:’ ceremony an til then. Invitations have b*en sent to score* •f Colonel Roosevelt'* friend* by Onl. Both Bullock. Ms.. Gen. Leonard Wood will deilrcr the dedicatory address. Cifford Pinrhot. Secretary Lane and mant other national figures will be

present.

Woman's Remarkable Feat. The American flag aud the British Jack flew aide by aide from the mast of a Hritisli worship for the first time (n tbe history of the post of Bremer tan. Wnsli„ when Mr*. Bertha Savage. an employe of the industrial division of tbe navy yard, am a dare, •limba-d to the top of the mast on H. M S. I-cmnster aa she lay in dock slid broke out tbe two ensign*. Mr*. Savage, better known to the yard employe* a* ••Montana Li*." na* been at tl>e yard for several month*. She come* from the range* in Montana and is writ known for her cowboy attire and her picturesque vocabulary Her feat In climbing to tbe

BSE OF TRIMMINGS Decorations Are Not in as High Favor as Formerly.

CflUM More Anxiety for the Home Oreaamaker in Obtaining the Desired Lines. Trimndngs on dresses were once much like the garnishes added / hotel cooks to their n.ost elaborate dishes—little dab* of ribbon, braid or beads—lemon akin, parsley or paper frills—that had nothing to do with the structure of dress or dish. Of late years we have got away from thl* way of adding trimmings to clothes and hats, and although at first thought It might seem that the home dressmaker's task was thereby lightened. it has not always worked that For with the absence of trimming more depends on the structural line Of the dress and the bungler In drofsmnklng ran never urbleve a good line. It takes rval talent and akill whether the one who do?* It be a famous Fren'-h dressmaker or an overworked. tired mother, who Is said to have ‘ good lurk" or "natural knack" of making her children’s clothe*. If you arc sure that you can achieve beauty and distinction of line In the dresses you attempt to make at home, then don’t have any trimming. But If you are less sure of your skill, make tbe best use of tbe few trimmings that are still petrol Mode Once you could liave added a how of ribbon almost anywhere on a dress, ts a trimming, apparenily. hut. In fact, to cover up some pucker in the making of the dresn Belts covered a multitude of sins In the way skirt and bodice met at the wrist But now belts are mere afterthoughts! If we hare them at ail. But there still are some devices that help. A design of braidlnr in the same color as the skirt, some four or five Inches wide, applied a few Inches from the bottom of the skirt, either all around or merely at the panels, adds

ruormouslj^

Although fringe has worn out It* welcome In some quarters because It ha* been u«ed too persistently,' It Is still one of the most effective trimmings tbe home dressmaker can poa fihly u*«f It Is easy to apply and It gives weight to the edge of the drv**T Woolen embroidery i« one of the extremely good-looking trimmings. The embroidery Is usually In some rich contrasting color and adds much spirit to a plain dark dress. But it Is not the easiest thing in the world fn work wool. To help you in this respect •re Is wool embroidery on a thin net foundation that ran be applied to the place desired with exactly tbe same good result that you would get If you worked the stitches directly on tbe

fabric.

MMY TULLE EVENING SOWtl

LATE ARRIVALS FROM PARIS

• 1*

man »

t for

This beautiful gown ia built of gray tulle over silver cloth with A decoration of chiffon and ribbon In rose shades.

beads mounted on a gray suede foundation, with a patch of gray suede showing inside tbe band of shining steel beads. There are some attractive new bead slippers, with strap* across the instep These come in loth black and bronxe. beaded In steel and brown or bronze brads They nlao come in gray suede, with steel beads. There are also hackles for afternoon shoes of natural leather made of black enamel and steel beads, and some of black enamel and rhinestones fo« evening slippers.

Tbr -.hip'll crew watched .be stunt j with great Interest and entliu-ta»tlral

ly cheered the rilmber.

Oxen Again BcaiU ef Burden. 'n>r ox a* a beast of burden I* cr

the fanning

nsinniunllies of tl

loot «E<> tbrov

> the discard, 1* lag cousin* of *

rude frame <

aDiinwl i» fastened by a pillory. Btrap* 1 are then drawn under the body, the ! •*<d» tadng made fa*t to upper limbers I rears ago Hie siiugs were rodUDOO | ’Hen are less expensive to f«-ed than ]

(need In Munition Making.

The above magnificent creation 1$ >"( of the latest arrivals from Pari*. It is a woolen parma tricot gown. NEW JET AND STEEL BUCKLES [Decoration* for the Different Colors of Footwear Worn ir. Afternoon

and Evening.

ornamental burklea are !n ' w afternoon nnd evening sheet lipper*. and the shops ore show

FOR THE WOMAN WHO SEWS When Malting Aprons Use Rat Seams Then There Will Be No Right or Wrong Side. When you make aprons, use tailored flai seam* stltrhed on both Ride* like you see' In men’s shirts. This vrill mean that there will be no right or wrong aide and the apron win have ilonhle wear. In patching n garment, do not U*e new material If yon can help It. i It will only Strain the oW material around It. If partly worn piece* not handy. n«e thinner material, sure the warp of ibe patch run* tbe *Kine as the material. To remove n stain from a pricked flneor when tbe blood ha* fallen < silk material, take a few inch ex of whit? sewing silk In the mo moisten It. roll It into a Ivan ami rub the blood spot easily. The main -rHl

disappear.

Always use rocr-e thread for ae« Ing on buttons. It doe» not show. I stronger even tlum double fine thread, , and doe* not take so much dme. | NEW SPRING HAT FASHIONS j Brim* That Turn Abruptly Back r’rot I the Face Characteristic of Borne

Headgear.

A tuflcd hat of dark bine taffcti with a *!eel head fastened Ir. ear tuft, i* not only rhunnlng In Itwlf. hi capable of several deviation* from th original that would be quite worth

while.

Brim* that tom abruptly htiek from the face are characterhiir < n good many of the eprlng hat*. Trimming I* often placed on thl* bnek-turm-d brim In a very effective manner Many of the new lint* show a hand of trimming at Hie edge of tbe cm Thin I* sometime* a row of artificial flowers. f««tened with very short *tem* atrnlgfai around. Somrilnv-* there l* an Inwl bend of allk on the •draw, with embroidery In colored r,,t. j t°u thread. Sometimes the trimming lcon*l*t* In Hay ostrich point*, npxlandIng In n band half an Inch from the edge of the hat brim.

* frenkl*h—of the

tuol—although

NAME 1919 VICTORY COLORS Rich. Deep Blue and a Bright Cherry Are Choaen—Provide Excellent

Contrast.

Those In America who rhooar the «-n*oiial color* tor the dyer* and ilreramakera hove united upon a rich, deep hliic and a bright cherry a* vi.-tory color* for 1019. It 1* not re«| that we associate with eouqil- "• "i"*: it I* too light nnd thin In ''•He*; hut it will undoubtedly pr<

• the

llrnt .

I from the LiKneUy J

he gr »uede KhKxw—and a ■ny at. in rvidenre for after-. •ar—th* r, are buckles pf Mod i

kind . will ( lahric*

.irk. It may be that Mm ee!ebr»t* victory through

1—Railroad bridge near Ufa. Rundn. which was blown up by the Irolihevlki. cutting the town off from the outside world. 2—Orman 15-lueh rtreli* about to he exploded by the re ria runt Ion and d-tnoHHoo men of the American field ammunition force. 3—Giant French searchlight on the Rhine faring Ibc historic village of Wettnlch and the famous old Mouse castli.

NEWS REVIEW OF CURRENT EVENTS Hungary in Grip'of Bolshevism and Other Parts of Central Europe in Ferment

PUCE DELEGATES STARTLED

Speed Up Work on the Treaty, Which Ormans Say They Will Not Sign —League of Nations Covenant

Being Amended.

By EDWARD W. PICKARD. Matters In Kuru|ie last week moved swiftly toward a climax. Brishevlwn war, gathering Itself for Its greatest effort*, and wnJo a start in that way that alarmed the civilised world. It faMened its clutches on Hungary, (r at h aid on the government and -n Budapest, the capital, and soviet rule wa* estahUshod In place of the repntllc that was headed by Count Knrotyh Revolution broke out In Gallrla. starting in the oil districts; a soviet government was set up. the Lemberg soviet declared a general strike, and Polish troops sent to combat the revalutloa J< !ned in the movement. Be*•arahla w«s procialnnsl a repubjlc and It* directorate began military operations against Ronmania's army, tle-b-uting a part of it. The Bessarabian movement undonhtcflly was directed ay the Russian bolshevlkl and supported by the nkratnlana, the Idea being to eatahilsn communlcailon between Moscow and Budapest by breaking through Uoutnanla. Efforts to turn L’acrbo-Mnvakla and German Austria •ver to tbe tM>l*hcrikl have been ao

far unaoeeoasful.

Frank rrltlr* of the peace enafer•tice lay the Mame for much of tM* »n I boas idealists who undertook to remodel the entire world and bring m lioftt the millennium at onre in«trad of first making peace and permitting the heHlgerenf nations to resume the ordered aetlrltlea of ririll*ed exialrwee. That the gentlemen gathered In Pari* have recognlxed their error la apparent In their present haste to mmph-tr the peare treaty •ml hare It signed. They will, accord-. ing to report* at tbe time of writing, include Id the treaty a formal statement concerning thr league of nation*. I>ecau»e Germany will he required by the treaty to mirrender her colonic* to mandatories of thr proposed league, but it I* not unlikely Hint tin adoption of the full constitution of Hie league will he deferred. The first treaty, which wa* being <-unstdere<l last week by Wilson. Lloyd George, j rtemenreau and Orlando. It was said, wa* auflleieritj) firm in Its ienn* to I insure a la*ilng peare. would simplify ’ tbe International food problem and 1 (Hive the way for l:.dn*trial and j financial rnrouattwCton. Tim priori- | l«l nlm* of the iiroiHmalH under eon shlernllon were: (t) To Insure ample I •ecurity for the future nrotertlon of 1 I'runee. eKpcrlnlly on her eastern I frontier: (2) to ■•MablLh n strong I Itnly. with a formidable northern liar- | rter Ognlnst tiggre'Mon: (3) to rreatc | n strong Poland: M) to found * lengne ! of nation* pledget*, on iuater;:il a» ; well a* moral grounds to the prefer ration of world peace. The rills f-rttr." a* they an railed ! in Pari*, were «ali| to have decide.! to j make pence n ith all four of the enemy , nation*’ at one, Thl* plan present* j notnc dlflicllltie*. one of the l«a*t of which I* Hie fart that the I’nlled I Ktlflr* never an* at war with Turkey I nnd Bulgarin Moat trouhleMinic will j

German stale property In territories to be ceded by the peace treaty ami the order In which the obligation* of Germany shall be Imposed. As fog the reparation to be demanded of the Huns, the economic expert* have found the amount of damage inflicted hy the Germans wa* between $35.000.000.000 and $43,090,000,000. but n* thl* is beyond the ability of Grrmany to pay, the sum is being scaled down and probably will be less Ibau $30,-

000,00(1,000.

If the treaty with Germany I* such as it I* supposed to be. Germany will refuse io sign It. Anyhow, that i* what the pres* and many of the leader* say. Doctor Dernburg of unsavory memory, declare* the German people will not accept a treaty of |.«ice that Is not Inspired by Impartiality. Justice and a spirit of reconellla'iou and that does net contain r lengne of nation* Into which Germany I* admitted with full r.ghls. Doctor Kchiffcr. minister of finance, says he ha* taken a solemn oath that the government will not surrender one Inch of German territory. The Prussian national assembly ha* voted against the relinquishment of any of the Rhine territory, e* peclally the Saar basin. All over the country meeting* are being held, organised by Foreign Secretary Rrock-dorff-Rr.nttau, to protest against an “enslaving peace." Thl* movement, lu which all faction* are Joining. I* being used to reawaken Hie national Ndrit. and the threat of spreading bolshevism If the demands of the German people are not met la being u«cd by the leader* to Intimidate the interallied peace delegate*. Hie latter, however, do not acera eaperinlly worried. evidently taking It for granted that-Germany will have to accept any treaty they formulate. If the Gm* man* do submit to bolshevism. It will be of their own free will, nnd mainly In spite and not because they prefer that form of "goweraiuent." With Hungary the caw l« different. i.od It may well he that that cuwntry’n new soviet government will n~ fU*e to sign any treaty with Hie allien. If IT survive*. At the end of tbr week there were evidence* that the antes were about to take d-rld. d ar- -■ against the Hungarian'. Thr Free eh were urging that an army be neat to occupy territory between Bus *i« and Hungary, and General Maugin )ja* recalled from Maymre in this connection. Italian troop* were rv luirted to have occupied Preasliurg. Hungary, only 35 mile* from Vienna. Allied gunboats were hurriedly scut up the Danube for the purpoar of prot/tllag the French mid Priib.li mission* In Budapest. Tin- luetnliers of tlione iiilsMnn* are believed to have

escaped safely.

Brin Kun. a* foreign inlalater. t* | Ixisslng Hie holslieiIki j„i, i* Hildapest, and he and his m-aoriate* an nationalizing everything ami ordering j the severest of i>rnaltlr> tor any forte of reriktamv. Count Kurolyi 1* vari

ouslj re|Hirted

priwm. Tbe outbreak

lion In Hungary

•Tilled to Hie aillon of. the Freorii military tnisahm In eMabllMilug a leutrat zone lietwmii RouiiibiiIb and Hungary In a way that led Hie Hungarian* lo believe their rountry wa* alw.ui to j he dismembered. Tlie t’jtrriio-Klorak*. It wns under tcod. went Into act too agaltiat the Huiigarlau >>oi*iierial* at ! on.* . some of their <r.w|u. having i-a|e lured Itnah. on the Daualte. Iiiierrii|it- ' ing eonimunication between IliHtatMWt ! n:ul Vientw. l^rge Hungniliin cannon i factorir* ate *ltuai.*l In llaah. 'Hie premier of < »* ho-Klovakia. Dr. Karl | Kramar*-. now In Pari-. <b*4ar<a hu , ••onnlry I* t.m strong to vi.-id t„ | m |. shevlh i.imitation*, tbougti hi- i‘iliii:i* It la In ilnnsi-rou* prnxlini'v. if t„,t. shivism I* virtnrinus in l:ii«*Ja. b« I>1**1111* that count.*, will Ibcv llal.t}

fall under Gi-rtunn Influeniv.

Count Kurolyi 1* vari j ! to la- executed and Ir. j outbreak of the rer.do-J ary at thl* tinie I* *»-j

' 2

!• pn

r fair n-kc—n.i

i. trla-llungary nmons Hie ovlnee*. Mini tlie fixing midariis they i it list nreept.

been working t lU-.rllonment of

end of Here I- a |»-ciii|i,r .

write* Hut If the lulsherist* cau bring food to the hungry’ people there they can retain their eonlrol; that If they fall there will be another revolution. I* It true. then, tliat hunger la the food on which iKiIsherlam thriveaT When the Hmigurian n voluttonists made overturn to the people of German Austria, tlie latter tcplled they could not adopt bolshevism because they were dependent on the alllea for their food—the Inference I icing that If they were not thu* dependent they also would aet up a soviet govern-

ment.

Another contradiction la to be found In the stories that come of condition* In Russia. American coinnilsalooen. and most of the lire** reports, have led u* to hv-lleve that there waa lltfl* to be found there but murder, anarchy. riot and starvation. Agent* of the French government returning from Russia report that wholesale mosmerr* tiare erased generally, that order prevail* and industries are being resumed. It I* said that even the railroads are returning to sutnctl.'.ag TSAe normal service, trains being run between Moscow and Petrograd' oa scheduled time. Conservative Influenee* are making thenitHlve* manifest In every direction In Russia. It M aalfl. and offlclals In power appear to realize the necessity of recognising Individual right* to jvroperty in order to maintain their authority. A bolshevik ciiuimisKloner told t^> correspondent mentioned above that If Hie allies would withdraw their capport from those who an' opivowlog the soviet government the dril wSM would end in thirty day#, the graw arle# of Siberia would tve opened, the army demobilized, the fsrtorle* atart•■d again and the proaent want and misery ended. Dispatches from Paris Indicate (hat Hie allleil peace delcgaleK are slowly changing Hielr oplnl.m concerning the Russian situation, though not In the least minimizing the threat of holaherwm to the rent of the world. KH-phen Pfchnii. foreign miulatnr. to’d the Frcucti ilumber of de|mHea that the r»h«"y «.f the atllea In Husata waa not "war" but a “parifylng" policy and designed (u sate HmsMb fro* Hm grip of Genuany. The league of nations cnmrclaNoB, with President Wilson In tbe chair, completed It* consideration qf th# covenant A the Iragae Wednesday night. It was turned over to a drafting committee which was to go over It carefully and return It to the eommlkalon for Anal rotisUlHrnHon be fora It aw* n-ported to the executive committee of the Iieace conference. Many prupo-i'd aniettiliiienls to the original |dan were .-onstdere.]. Ineluding seven sncgc- cl hv diaries K. llughee and Haise drafted by former President Taft. It waa UUderst.md that Mr. WIIM " 1 ,l ' ferred the ptVNrntatiou of atuendineiitk safeguarding the Mont.M •NMirine and exempting domestic queallon* front the leagues Jurtudtrn«n. hi. amendment has Iweu loeornrati'd that sp.'. tflcally hieets the demand* of Japan for recognition of tha •quality of natlonala. Anusig in. amendments adofited waa ••ne providing that the uflU-e. of me league are .. |H . n t„ women a* veil mm to m...,, nnd „t, r permitting the with draaal of * member <ui two years' ,,u ' n*’ 1 “n'» auri. axuaber baa n'led it* Inter)laiiooal ohligatloi». The Indus:rial MtuathiN •« Gr«*t Britalti has Imvw gnotly ullce.nt.-.t by It.e re,mrt ,.f *nj-.tnF •vl 1>> the liwlus’ilat .•onr.-ntje-. that met Iasi February. enmdMing .d t.irty employers and thirty trade- unie^Ma. fine eouunliiee re.v.mmcii.l» t|* ( a legal tnaxluiun: worklt«; week o* 48 hours lo- e'lnblished, that ykte| t i:Hc ••vuili.ir to. discouraged nud tT*». legal linn, wage rat.- of universal a|e si. To meet Him orob-

"•H":

nd '.he

— hei

.10.1

Mr IIiuo-it loik Iwen making sttY'.u ou» < .Torts to fed central Kliro|>' Now an euter|)ris|ng nrwa|ai|ai curesja.iidcnt win. tma l.e.-n hmg In Ru* at* and U at proaent la Prtrugrad. :

r limit tor child LImt. sick lienenik ai, i oh] A national Industrial '. ami a stamllng cone

III be afbqited by tnc gw