- HOMAS JEFFERSON witne T tbe D«<4araUon of Inrtoj-'nd-encr. And conpws nlgned It. And tli*- Libert? Bell rang forth the clad tiding*, procUilmlug liberty in th« land. ^ And Genre* W**hlngton began to fight the British— Thl* I* about the way the arerage aeboolboy—not to say some older American*—think* the iiedaratlon of Independence came Into existence, the lodependeoce of the Culled States of America waa secured and the Foarth of July bectune a national holiday. While some of the .details concerning the Declaration of Independence will always be a matter of urgttmenl an..it4; historian*, the sequence of event* I* dear and runs like this: Fighting between the Americans and the Brttlfsh began April 18. 17771. Lexington. Even after tbe fighting was on It wn* some time before the movement for independence gained much headway In the public mind. February la. 1776, a committee appointed to prepare an address to country presented Its report to gres*. This report reads In part: “We have been accused of carrying on tM war for the porpose of extabllahlng an empire. We disavow tlw tention. We dedare that wha* aimed at and what -we-are entrusted by you to pursue ta the defense and reestablishment of the conatitutloiuil rights of the colonic*.'’--It was ni* until Jtme 7. .'1776. Uiaf Richard Henry Lee of Virginia Introduced a resolution which was to become only lea* familiar than tbe Declaration itself. Till* resolution contains the famotx. sentence: “That these United State* are and «f right ought to be free and Independent State*: that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection be tween them and the state of Gr>at Britain li and onghi to !•« dissolved." This resolution was debuted utany Umea by eorigre**. The chief speakerr for s>t«ratl«n were John Adsma, his couaiii. Kamud Adunw; Roger Sl-.-ni.Lii (illvrr Olcolt. rtl'hard Hen:. Lte slid George Wythe. John DickInaon of I'eiina)!vanla led ’he opj.o«.ltlou for delay, prominent among hts follower* ietng John Jay. Jsime Wilson. Jane-* Dunne. Edward Itulledge sod RiAierl It. Uvlngston. hut It ws* ni'' -nt from the U-glnniiig that th-y were In the minority. To <*tve time a rouunltUw wn* bi»polnted on June 11 to frame the I»<•<• lanitlnn of Inde|>endence. Strange to say, Kleliurt! Henry ly«e. who uu* the fhther of the resolution, and by parliamentary right should have had the chalrmnnKhlp of Hie committee, ws* left out of It. The retsons for this omission have Im*-u variously eg plained II Is a fact Ihsl he wa* ale went when the committee wa* named, having been called home by the illness

of his wife.

The fire members were Thoms* Jef ferwou of Virginia. John Adams of Mas*::rhuaeli*. benjamin Fninklin of BennsyUsuis. Roger Khermsn of t'*insert Unt and Rolicrt It. Livingston of New York. All five were prominent id the congrear and In tuttiousl nffair* Bogir Khermsn Is unique In Anit-rieMii hi*l>-ry n» a signer of Itw four great 4ocumen1»: the Articles <if AsjxmIbdon. the 1 •' - L.ru Mon Of |ndc;»etKb !i<v.

THAT DREADED SPRING DOSE Who of Middle Age Forgets the BUm*cc n-.d Tresel* of His Youth-

ful Oaysf

the Articles of Oonfedentian and tbe Coustirntion—o'l of which he was Instrumental In preparing. The committee elected Jefferson chairman and Instroded him to ipake a draft of a declaration. Th* committee submitted its first draft Jane 28. July 2 the congress adopted the re* slution presented by Lee and resolved to take further consideration on the Oa tbe third the committee finished Its labor*, but on July 4 it presented a completed draft to the body, and after a long debate, which continued until the night, the congress adopted the Declaration of 1ndcpender.ee. After the committee of the whole had debated the puper for hours Benjamin Harrison reported 16 congress that tbe Deetaratlon of Independence had been agreed to by the committee of the whole. The paper wa* again re*-*, and ordered printed. The Declaration was committed the printei. Dunlop, Immediately, and the broadside wa* ready on the following day. July 5. when It received the signatures of John Hancock and of Charles Thomson, president and secretary of coug-ess. respectively, authenticating the copy to be forwarded to the governments of the - thirteen states. The signatures were followed by the words: "By Order end in Behalf of the Congress." Copies 01 the broadside were sen! to the various states and to 1 manding officers of the ccntlnentnl troops. It 1* not certain that ra-h or these bore the nlgnaturvs of the president and tbe seeretary. On July IP It was ordered that the Declaration "passed on tbe fourth, should Ik- fairly engro**ed on parchment with the title and style of The Unanimous Declaration of tbe Thlr tee*. Unite! State* i.f America.' and that the same, when engrossed. In signed by every metulier of congress.' tin August 2 the Journal record* that The Decisnitloti of Ir-depenrt wire, bein' engrossed, and i-omiaired at the (able, was signet! by tbe mem-

tier*."

As lo the signatures In tbe Declvration a volume might he written r.uimnii underutandlng is tlial the fifty-live men whose names ore tip pended were present la tsmgretw on July «. 1776, and assenting to the lieclaration. Tills undcrktsiidibg U far fnito the truth. Klgiuilures appear on the document of men who wen- onl member* «rf the fMgrewa at the time Hie Itrrlsratlon ws* ugrted on. It lias heeti ‘Uggevled ilmt the jiruprv lnt«*niretatw>n onl-r* of ooagresa to have the docte men! signed by every member, was Intended tu include those who Ix-cetne numbers slmut 'his time. But Henry Winner <>f New York, who -.tiled for lnde|»«*dence. did not »lgn. and Robert U-irri*. who did mtt cBfct bis vote for the lyeclsrutlnn. dl<L Winner was sb*ent in New York on August " tt. nt tend the iimvlnrlal con gre**, to which he him been electetl. nud evltb-ntly never hod on i pportnnlty to affix bis signature to the doc

jent.

Hit-re no* a reason for the delay In ipltendlng the slgniituie- a|>ort from lo- time necessary to have the docu nt-nt t-tigrrtssed. It ws* Intended to iH-clantHon go -lut to Oir

rid u

the

nd t

July Fot

1776. the delegates from New Tort felt some diffidence in voting, as they had no I nut ruction*. Wtsner. however, did cast a vote In favor of Indepeudeoce. and l»efore August 2 New Tort bad Instructed her delegation to agree to the Declaration. There was a hearty response when It became known that signatures were to be appended to the document. Samuel Chase of Maryland was absent from congress on July 4 and the next day be wrote- from Amiapolls to John Adams, "How shall I transmit to poeterity that I gave my assent?" On the ninth Adam* replied. "As aocn os on American seal 1* prepared I con Jerture the Declaration will be *»!* scribed to by all the member*, which will give you the ufl-ortunity yon wish for of tranamttting your name among the votaries of Independence." Hhridge Gerry of New York had to leave Philadelphia two weeks after tbe Declaration had been adopted and he wrote to John sod to Samuel Adam*. “Pray subscribe for me ye Dec Urntloti of Independence If ye same Is to le signed a* proposed. I think we ought to have ye privUece » hen uoces niiily absent of voting and slgnlnB l>J

proxy."

Of the signers who did not vote for tbe Declaration liecauae they were not member* at that time YVUIlam William* of limncctlcut we* not elected, until July 11: Bush. Oyrner. Smith.' Taylor rrd R*«va of Pens? Ivan In were; not elected until July 20. Charle* Car* roll of t'arrolltoo. as well a* rha*o„, wa* att-ndlrg u meeting of tbe Maryland CM VMrtfexi on jn'r f Georg* Wythe ... Virginia on the same day wn* rhulr.uan of the committee cf the * noir of tt- Vlrg'nla conveatlon. and Richard Hear/ l«re was In the convention. having b'Cti r mpelhd lo rcura from I'hJladelph'.i. on account of *lck■tea* in hla f»iv \ . haring left on June 11. William Hooper of North Caroling wn* abaeat from Philadelphia at least us late a* July A Ye* nil of tl« *e :n<-mlier» kignetl the Declaration, ah .hough acme of them. It haF h.-et> shown, were not even ra«ml>er* at that time, and four members were aliactit. Thomas M.I*-nn of Delavn.re was the lost to sig:i and did not do so until five years after the adoption of the Ih duration and at a time when the «ur virtually was at na end. It «a« | through no fault of McLean. HD nutne | wa* omitted from the priffle.! n>|>y In I the Jourvusl. The popular, tradltlonnl Id™ of the {signing of the Deetaratlon of Independcnce itresetrs It «* a graceful end formal function laklng pi: <v July 4. 1770. In a Dice. hand*oit>ely furnished chamber In Independence hall. Philadelphia. To give the nwessary touch of vivacity lo the picture there D the scene of the smull hoy darting from tlie door aa the last signer «*-ts Id* uulogranh lo the |■arcllmpnt and dashing down the street, calling to hi* grumtlallirr Jo "Ring! Oh. rinti for

lll«erty!"

As a tuattiT of fact the Declaration of ludepoodanc* was algned liehlnd I.H-knl door*. The city was not hrcalhIck»Iv awaiting the event outside, nor did the Llbe.ty B*-il peal forth on that day the triumphal not* of freedom. Frum tli»-»" fuels It apfs-nr* tlii.t the "Fourth *-f July" might vitb good r«i*on bat * fallen upon either July J or August 2 Instead of upon July 4.

r .j 280880 : *tH! ervwt Kansas Wheat. Says Labor Service Chief An army of mr^vt than 260,000 men will be required to harvest the wheat crop tu •Kansne thl* according to A. L. Berionaa. director of harvest work. United States wploymcnt service. Slaty thousand of this number must come from outside JJie stste. In making the estimate, he referred to the report of the Kansas board of igriculture, which said that “with a general average condition of 89JC pe." .cent on an estimated total of 10,759,- **• ' of growing winter wheat. ver had a more flattering prospect for » racoed-smaah'ng crop." The harvest labor jiroblem In Kanis Is more difficult than h» any other •rate, and 47.000 poster* have been distributed among governmeot buildings ti.rorghaut the nation. While 500 letter* a day are received from prospective workers. Parkman saM most careful distribution will be necessary to prevent a labor shortage. Wheat cutting usually starts In the south central counties of Kansas about lone 15 to £0, reaching the central part of the state ten day* later. The demand for men tacregae* as tbe harvest district broaden*. “Men should. If possible, provide themselves with sufficient funds to tide them over for a few days In case of rains or unavoidable delays la securing work." said Barinnan. •TTie harvest fleWs do not offer light work, and the sun to often exceedingly hot. Therefore, boys and men who are unused to heavy work are handicapped to securing employment In coca petition with able-bodied, experienced Missouri can cere for Its big wheat crop with local labor. Berktnan said. Nebraska and states north win be supplied with narvest labor by the drift of men from Kansas, tf that state, the center of the wheat belt, has sufficient

supply.

Machine Helps Solve the Servant

This machine which In England to assist sufficient for « throe

machine In a few momwrte.

can be called the “Mschanlcal Maid,- w«b invent* In overcoming the servant shortage. Dishes

Ix-forr hrenkfa*!. am) j A ad she shuddered a* she spoke. Rut three day*, taeti take j even ai thni *h> knew that the »huddi

) It again, and *-. 01. until ><>u have r,~ »'» for effni. K*. .-tnuig l* the Ion ipenie.] ,t,:- three tine*." the cn-al'-r ^ trmlirhiu that *be villi houn tin 1 «.f the d«.*e .-XldBlneil. "Ne nei-d to j v "7 <«“: umi llilxt ' herself the • hll. I I, II I wus t.nKiglit Up Oil It." the I ,,n ™ 1 d'HM . (lecldl'.; that If there 1111 i.ultur ndit ■ iVlIliout It 1 should a**! rirtue In thu roinhlnutlon • j feeling oi the :<*.r wretefus -1 Imth.- j R ' * "“cf* ®verta

Imy* Hall shell Mr*. Squorr* t.-d them ,v ’ ,ad ,,u^, li, r -

Cheap Coffee Is Made From DandeHon Root, According to a Prominent Botanist Mm* of the “sarparalng" cheap brand of coffer Is made from daodeIIon root, according to Prof. William TreMase of the deportment of botany at the Uulrerrily of 111 tool*. Dandr* Hors, he points out. belong to the chicory family, and the root is used to adulterate coffee much as chicory. It Is also used to adulterate chicory. Prottmx Trelease believe* that the don t'-llon, which generally Is considered * pest to good lawns. Is a very useful plant which has strayed from It* proper place to the garden where It is cultivated. Besides being used for cheap grade* of coffee, tbe plant jkhi* a milky Juio which, to the form of extract. 1* wsed as a medicine. Tbe blanched leaves oT the dandelion are often used far salad*. They are also used as men*. In America there are two varieties of the dandelion, both of which are weeds. Ooe kind has an olive-colored fruit pod.- while the other has * red fruit pod. The tatter Is not ao good for greens, since the leaves are stringy and cook down to almost nothing. There are 57 varieties altogether, most of wh' A are native to Europe. In French gardens where they are cultivated they are deUriou*. especially for salads. Tbe leaves are used to feed silkworm* when mulberry leaves ire not available. Many people believe that dandelion* are Med for butter eoinrtng. This I* a mistake, however, as the name dandelion on the paekage Is a trade mark. The coloring Is made from coal tar

Intended for the Germans Deadliest Poison Ever Known Wa* Made in the U. SC

Canning Club Products in Demand. Bring Good Prices and Increase Food Supply lame of the canning rtub girls organ lied by th- home demonstratli'n agents of the United Ktsies department of agriculture and the state stjri-i-nllunil colleges utilise their calming knowledge only to provide the family tmhle with plenty of fruit end vegetable*. The Is.-ger number, however, not only practlre what they have learned for the benefit of their fsmtiled, but Increase their Ineirav* hy marketing the surplus. The ngent* who helped daring the canning later assist in the marketing of the product*. The uniform excellence of the 4 H brand moke* it a comparatively easy task lo kei-p a custom**- once he has U*e^ the product*. The ngeot In Jasiwr county. Mississippi, ha* found a ready sole for the esnned fruit* and vegetables her gills wish to sell. One day In March $175 worth were weighed, sold and sllppad. Tbe deinuud I* eoiutunt. l-1-uuw the buyer n imrt* that the Hub girls’ canned good* ui tbe best he ha* found on tbe market.

Guarded night and day and for out of human reach on a pedestal at tbe toierior department exposition In Washington, D. C.. Is a tiny vial. It contains a specimen of the deadliest poison ever known. It Is "Lewis!tf.' product of an American scientist. ?t Is what Genas ny escaped by signing the armistice before all the resourres of tbe United State* were tamed on •r. Ten airplanes carrying “Lewisite” would have wiped out every vestige of life—human, animal and vegetable, in Berlin. A single day's output would snuff out the 4,000.000 lives on Manhattan Island. A single drop poured In the palm of the hand would penetrate to the blood, reach the heart and kill tbe rietlm to great agony. Why was coming to Germany may be imagined by the fart that when the armistice was signed It wa* being manufactumi at tbe rate of ten ton* a day. a n-e thousand tons of thl* most terrl Instrument ever conceived for killing would have been ready for business on the American front in France on March l. “I-ewlrite" to another of the big seem* of the war Just leaking out. It was developed In the bureau of mines by rrof. W. irf-e Lewis of Northwestern university, Evanston. PL. who took a commission os s captain In tbe army. It ws* msnufacturid In a specially built plant near fle.eUnd. called tbe “moose trap" because every workmen who entered tbe stockade went under on agreement Dot to leave the 11-aera space until tbe war ws*

>' uid 1.

*Hf-

* ruuult-i. ' wfc fttwrl."

Use Urge Granite Slab to Form Marriage Certificate Among tbe Inlander* of Jersey there Is • pret’y but curious marriage custom- A* soon as the ptrenmoy 1* over, nod when the happy couple onterln* Into orrupntio:< their home, the large granite slab ovi-r |n.iri. la Inscribed with tl*c inltiol* of the bride and bridegroom, and !<ctwu the two a rough representation of f hearts is cutwlmd, the whole ih formic? a marriage certificate for , the world to see. It I* said ihut. rhould the couple by uny Ch«nr* he ode day divorced, the heart* an- pi, thiuugh by au arrow, which is cut luUthem.

Community Drier W! Heg Save Much Poriatette Food; Co-Operation It Suggested Cities or villages com ran tec the question of saving surplus perish crops from home and ocioc den? this season may well coosldrr the construction and operation of | manity drier. Record log in K. I. Kirkpatrick of the Colorado Agrtral»urnl college, who says: "PrscticsTly aU vcyvtaW.-s. *: as fruit*, may be dried or Mtydraird and kept to paper bags or paper rattan* until needed fdr use this fall or winter. The r.wt of a satisfactory f»nequlpped drier with a capacity of frow 500 to IjOOO pounds of raw prodstt per day will be between $250 sad $400. The best general-run** plant Is of the combined tunnel and cabinet type, fitted with an exhaust fun at one end and a box heating slow at the other. Pipe from the etor* should run below the set of tray* <* tills.thnugbout the full length of tto drier. "Before undertaking the building nf a plant, each community should mak* n thorough surrey at the amount rt perishable crops available, decide 1* u satisfactory building for housing tk« outfit and formulate a business pis*

Red Cross Issues Warning Against Using of Name and Emblem in Various Schemes The American Red fm** ha* Issued u warning In th, pgMlr against person* who arc using the Red Crus* name and i-tnldem Rt commercial purposi-* of various sorts. Any eoamercial cnlt-rprise that Ik k.-eking to push It* buatoen* under the Red fro*-, name

I* doing ao without the

national and division*! h-eilquurtrrs of the orgunlxatlmi. The provlslor.* of its (barter prohibit the u*e of th-Ri-d Cross name or emldem f..r e.m>met.Hal purpose*, gome 1^ the terprlses iminea by the Red (>.«* *■ unnuthorisMl are the selling of trinkets and war plrturva by dlsHuirgcd and wounded soldier* with the state, “ent that a part of »he profit* of tha -Jle* will be given to tile Red Cross and Ibe offering for sale of c-rtifii-ntea to th- families of the men <1, the *ervhe reprraenting ti m t by * u .h ,.ue chase the family may <4>tnln the spi-edy disHiargt- id thHr soldier* and representing that the prnr.,d. of fhe •ale Of thiwe eettlflraie* will r.-ult

lienefit for tm- Red Cn»«

JUST TOR FUN

Getting Nowhere. "How long has young Dubano hw* calling ..j Mlaa Tracber T g-bI give you the exact numba of n,gbta, but 1 UDderataad be toi heard the family'* stock of phooograpt records three time* over." “Umph! If ahe’* atlU playtog thr phot., .graph he Isn't making mw*

as!

Has No Class. -Mlaa Plkln 1*1 a aorlety girl '■* rhgr asked Vtx

OiCMM n “Oh. my.

imfied Miss GUT ?9n Egct. ai>e ' vmx ct'iuon fi wun Khe a * iur 1 ' 1 Hat«aa to the n*" Me wtwn sb- > ••Sfck'openi." "A director*' u-eetiiig. ujil"

BRIEF AND BREEZY Prals. u man and hrll „ catiyou a Hat.

'A rather doll affair, I presuin"No. a large •liridrud was de< b " hit: there's a Jolcy •mrioo’ to « there's any humor to a director-

tern It eoatn twit." Subject Exhausted. “Well, why ‘»‘ , n'i jnu aay someth l ngr* asked the ungry wem- : " after her long

harangue.

"My dear." replied her hushnnd. meekly, “nothing r '-m«ln» to U

Indiapoacd. Htibb.. Tin UI today." ! I “I could got my slater to 'Tbauka, but 1 «v»'« fed wall eneui 11 I! t«, vnu-rtaln L.-r." Cmm for Gratitude H- (during tbtt quarrel) Yon 1 11 '* ; fhlt.k Tu, d * V.g a fool oa I l«'» -1 think that If you ari-n'i r 18 i haw n grist dsal to he thankful ( ‘‘ r '