ig’-s cEn:, ».

Mwid

RDber^H. Noulrojv,,

<&<x>aacjc.jc&2u0 o 4

> <54? GW f&TJttf*—* RABCHrN'G for n sracU, thin, roee-tlnted, slmost White ralerpHUr in 10,000 * era* of Texas cotton haul;'confronted with the nocesslij- of making certain that In an that are* t»o single caterpillar made iaoii it*. conee*i< meet in boil or stalk or grass cr trash, force* h of the 10.000 a

I the kitchen floor and to sift

im of the

■toer would alft flirt with ■ In It—there is _ Cjrtilch thn one of sMrching for a > tn a haystack appear- simple i rmcaing no ps.leoce worth K that is exactly what the United t department of agriculture, with j of the state authorities of » aid to the campaign for the katiyn of the pink boll worm of It was dore so successfully t a single egg. larra, or moth n appeared In 18^8. t that appears to justify the cation of the 3ob as the blg1 entomological expert- | of it* kind in history. i it was first found that the t boll worm of cotton had rained King upon the soli of the United i, the consternation that resulted \ hardly leae than It would hare i If the discovery had been made S German gunboats were coming op ft Jf'tsiasippl liver. But the conwms aru-iax agricultural The geneml public did not r the desperate dang-r. The adeaknew. however, that, unless l. the Itttla bollwonn meant an less than ffiOOW.- | if, Inde <1, it did not threaten the r of the cotton lndustr>'. and r alarm wm not materially lessa use the tgfestsd area waa s small areas around Trinity Beaumont, and Ilea rue. Texas, r the pink boUwnnd spreads, not s or arras, but by hundreds of I at a leap Tha ehiet agent of latlon being man with bis railI trains, the distance from Texas t Georgia or Kartb Camllna U no ‘ t Jump, and it prohsbl) would not I difret Jump. The larva would o a car of cotton at Ileau- , gay. shipped to New Bedford, end let: In the litter ut the n of the cur. which would then t to Brockton for a load of shoos mslgned to Atlanta, and would (Inal■wept n-1 on some siding In the ■ cotton field*. th»*» It would begin anew the ||g&va»tatl.'ti that ft has wrought tn lAbgypt. India. Japan, the Philippines, j CeyWi iht Straits Kettieneats. tae Bgwe'lsn Island*. Brssll. Mexico, and (MVi-thnUy every cotton-groarnx country on the globe except the United Btgtee It 1* the meet destructive of all ramulM of cotton often reducing (he yield of llnf by !» per cent mid nometHues hi more than M> per rent, and greatly le**erdn* the quantity »f

i the •

In the

dawallon Islands the cotl.m Industry ha* lie^n practically ahnndonWl totcanse of It. and wherever It ha* gone the Industry ha* soCrred terribly. Tlmt in why the department of agriculture. whm the worm appeared in TtaCta*. thought it worth while tn UaBrnske « campaign iA«t of all proporrtcm to (he art* Infested.

Candid Criticism

The danger from the pink bollwonn bad long been recngnlzed. and regulation* were made by the governm-mt requiring the fumigation of all cotton from foreign countries before It could be landed In the Un'ted States. Every possible precautionary measure was taken, but there came one thing against which even the government could not guard. The greet storm that ravaged the Gulf country in 1916 washed a shots around Trinity Bay. and possibly elsewhere on th* Texas msfrt, great quantities of cotton lint

and cotton seed.

Nobody gave any special thought tc ie matter at the moment, but when the next year the pink boiiwora appeared all around the hay, it became apparent that some of the washed-up cotton must have come across the Gulf from the Laguna dlrtrlct of Mexico, where the pest hafl gained a foot-

time earlier. That may not

have been the only source of Infestation, but It wa* the one that gaye the

greater part of the trouble.

An oil mill at He*me had received s.«ne seed from Mexico In 1918, and the bollwonn appeared In u few field* 1 in the Immediate neighborhood of tae mill. The Infestation at this roint was entirely alUnloated In short order, however, by uprooting and triming all growing cotton, collecting and burnlnr ‘ scattered parts, the prompt milling } destruction of th seed, and the

pment to Europe of the harvested

lint.

A mill at Beaumont, too. had received seed from Mexico and had violated Its agreement to use it only for lallllng. It developed that aon f this seed was sold to plantets i mignout a radius of 90 or 90 miles from the mill Ea-h sale was traced *nd the surrounding district Included tn the clean-up operations. But it was the washed np rotten Infestation at Trinity Bay that developed the really alarming situation. Involving more than C.OdO acres of cotton surrounding thn day. and It was there that the really big operations were undertaken. A large form of experts and laborera—not less than 900 negroes—with the voluntary asstatance of any num-lo-r of farmers and member* of thslr families, waa aswmb'rd. eampa were catahlliUied. and the cleanup ws« begun on a thoroughly systematised plan that Involved every Inch of surface, to make sure that no lurking place waa left for a «arva to winter. ‘All the euttoo grown In this area waa taken to Gfatveeton under supervision and shipped to foreign count-ie*. All seed was milled under the direction of govrmroeep agents. The wort ended with the whole area as clean as the top of a table. The roeult. naturally, was awaited with much anxiety. In the spring of 1918 the entire area ws» watched. The planting of cotton ws» prohibited, of course, and every stalk of volunteer cotton was pulled up and destroyed afn visitor after tile doctor had amaxing sort of highland

ter careful examination. At the end of the seaaon the reports of all tha Investigators showed that absolutely no evidence of the presence of tha boiiwora could be found. But the success of the campaign will not be regarded as absolutely certain until two other summers have passed In the meantime the quarantine wm be rigorously enforced. Prior to the discovery of the actual presence of the pink bollworm In Texthe stale, taking precan Mo ns against its presence not far away In Mexico.'bad enacted legislation giving authority to establish a eone free from cotton culture on the border at Texas adjacent to Mexico. Since that time, quarantine and cotton-free zones have bva declared In three areas. The normal planUng of cotton in tbs largest of these areas ta about 60,000 acres and the Inability to plant has. of coarse, entailed hardahlp on the planters. Individuals—137 to be exact—disregarded the. law and planted some cotton, a total of a few hundred acres. Legal action waa taken against them and they have since signed an /•grt-ement to bear all the cost of cleaning up their farm*, under the supervision of government inspectors, and to leave the disposal of the cotton grown absolutely In the hards of th*

authorities.

It la interesting to note that s considerable number of these sn-cmlled outlaw cotton fields were discovered by aerial observation. Much of the country in the Infeetsd aresa la heavily timbered. Bosda are neither plentiful nor good in many rdacec. and It was possible for -u outlaw planter to tuck away l fe» serve of cotton In some nook of the woods beyond protv ability of discovery by ordinary means. This gave the Inspectors of th* federal horticultural board the Idea of urlng airplane ob* -vers to spy out i;>e hidden field*. The scheme worked admirably, the first flight alone raw eellug no Iras than seven outlaw cotton fields which had escaped dlaco-.ery by

all other means.

While a feeling of reasonanle safety la JustMabta at to the eUmlnatlou of the bollwonn from Texas, the danger of new infestation remains so long as the bollworm exists In Mexico, and. therefore, extreme vigilance will not bo relaxed. All railway car* and other vehicles coming ucroa* the line are Inspected, cienm-d. end fumigated. The dlslnfectlou of cor* and freight with gaa from generator* pJarnd wtthlj the cars haa been illararded as glvlog no aecurity ugnlnHt ln»eet* that ; might tie resting on the exterior of | cam. Disinfection ternae* have been I erected Into which ear* are run and disinfected both Internally and exter-

| Daily.

The question I* now raised: Has the recent ««lf of Mexico mirrlrane | brought the peat again to th* Texas j shore T Tlx* atonn men god the Gulf | shore from Brownsville beyond to Key West. It the storm of 1916 brought the p«*t to the American shore from Mexico, why should not the same condition* now obtain!

**a very remarkable slat

In Holland, Too.

to enable he.- to attend rehearsals. Asked to explain, “DlentJe" said that she waa a member of the orchestra of the <\ ocert Gobotiw (th* Queen'* halt of Amsterdam), and needed let-, urc momentv in which to practice Brahms. Spohr. Bach and Beethoven for the autumn ■ omen*—London

Chinese University Expands. -hr 1 ukten Union university of ■chow la about to erect a mllllur lar group of buildings.

m

EXTREME CASE IS. MOST ESSEUUAL FOR PRESERVATION OF POULTRY IN TRANSIT

BRED POULTRY IS BEST > Everywhere Are Coming to mlize That Th*ra Is Mora -j Money In Standard Breeds. by th* United Btrte* Depart ment of Agrtcnltura.) The story of Beuben Low* at North Shaplelgb, Me, Ulurtrttes the pdoelbk profltt. from poultry 'keeping where careful management Id practiced. During 1918 this poultryman, who devotes only pert of his time to chicken raising, kept 230 birds, which paid him a profit over feed cost of more than »1.000, equivalent to 94 e bird. Included in this amount are lb* sale* of a few eggs for hatching, about l sold for breeding purposes to $6 each, as well as eggs, which were disposed of is large quantity. Mr. Lowe keeps

Meins Poultryman Realize* 94 a Bird From HI# Whits Wyandotte#. Whit/ Wyandotte* of a strain that wlaa' In the show ring when Judged acral ding to either the standard of perfection or a utility standard. One pen of 20'pulleta owned by this Maine potdtry ra'ser produced eggs as follows: November. 1918, 413; December. 1918, 418; January. 1919. 380; Mbruary, 1919. 828; March, 1919. 468; _ total of 1998 xggB. ave .-ating 9846 «gg> per bird in five mot- M*. tt peys to keep poultry of this kind.

jto. realise la "keeping

better fowl and feeding

jjrdperty beienced rations than

time with Inferior birds.

OHIO I

» POWDER FORMULA

Mixture of Gasoline, Carbolic Acid and Plaster of Parts Is Insxpeaslvs and Efficient. Oue of the cheapest home-made lie* powuers for poultry is made by mixing three parts of gasoline and one part of crude carbolic add with at much pl*«ter of parts as the liquid will moisten, as determined by tb* Ohio experiment station. The powder la alto wed to dry before using: it may be kept in an air-tight coot* in** where it retains Its strength for a long period. The powder is Icfiammabl# and must be kept away from fire. Inflated fowls when thoroughly dusted are soon relftved from tb* attacks of lira; about 126 birds may be dusted In on* hour, one pound of the

For bead lira ec chickens the use of bio* ointment or mercurial olntit baa been found effective. On* part of the ointment I* mixed with two parts at vaseline and a lamp of tb* mixture about the els* of a pa* la rubbed thoroughly at the base of the feathers about the brad.

WHEN FOWLS BEGIN TO MOLT Plenty of Good Peed In Ceralderebl* Variety I* Eaeentlel to Maintain Good Health. When the fdwls begin to shed theli fra I her* ).* sure that they have plenty of good food, 'a ccnalderable variety. *o they can maintain their bral|h end strength and at the same time grow a perfect new set of feathers.

Bran Is a good regulator for poultry of all ages.

Doj*t expect greet suocraa In hatching and raising chick* tiaira* you have bad some experience. a • • There |* no better place for turkey* to rooat than In the tree*. In the open air, during the summer and fell. .'Tilcaa ltel get too warm In rooF* do (hiI grow well and therefore do not make the brat use of their feed and upportunltlea. If the wing feather* of little chlek* grow too rapidly a»d make tin- wrings hsug down they should ho •ut off so • hat they will*Bot sap lb* »HlH* «f

B* Sura to Use Only Suitably Equipped Cara for Shipping Dresied Poultry.

(Prepared by the United States Depart-

ment of Agriculture.)

Scrupulous care In pre-cooling a refrigerator car for shipping dressed poultry, always a matter of impor-

tance, Is doubly so now. In the opinion of food-research experts. The greeter necessity for care comes. In the first place, of the fact that tber^ .U a na-tion-wide let shortage. The second Important element la that, fo'lowing the stress of war-time transportation, the refrigerator equipment of the country U In a run-down: condition. The car should be carefully examined the experts say, to see that it admits not even a pin point of light Then It should be tested and. If It fall short of standard, there should be no hesitation about rejecting tt-.Wifl calling ob the railroad agent for a car that will meet the requirement*. Extreme care. experts believe. Is essential Just uow for the preservation ol poultry In transit, and the chief of the departmeit's food research laboratory has Just Issued the following definite Information as to bow raMsfactory re-

volts are to bq attained:

Select Car Day Before Loading. “When the refrigerator car la set for Icing, enter it and with doors and hatches tightly does] look carefully for any crack or point of daylight. The car should be absolutely black with not a pin point of light anywhere. If there art- distinct cracks around the doors or hatchet, the car wlU not maintain sufficiently low temperature and should not be Iced for the hauling of dressed poultry or any other commodity requiring Ice and salt refrigeration. Be sure also that the drain pipes are open and in good working order. “The selected car should be set for Icing at least 24 hours before It Is to be loaded. It* bunkers should then be filled three-quarters full with finely broken lee; that Is. ne niece should be large? than a man's fist. When the bunkers aye three-quarter* fell, tamp the lee down well so that all cracks sed crannies are died. Then add onequarter of the calculated amount of calt on the 12 per cent basts. For Instance. If the hunker bolds 6.000 pounds of Ice. when three-quarter* full U will contain 8.750 pounds. On top of this amount of Ice acatrtr 160

pounds of coarse gray rock salL Hut this salt very lightly with the fop lob and directly ou top of M place more crushed lee until the bunker Is fnH. Then add the remainder of the calcwlated amount of salt.-'whleb. In tola case, would be 450 pounds. Mix It very lightly with the fine lee so th.X the salt doe* not penetrate into the mass of ice more than 4 or 5 inches; level the surface and quickly close the

hatches.

Right Temperature ie 34 Degrees. “With both bunkers so.lead and sa% ed. the car should .stand for ,24 bourn. Then. In order to make sure that tkw tempera-are Is right for loading, n -awn provided with a thermometer should enter as quickly as possible by opening one side of one dor. which shouMI be tightly closed Immediately. Tb* man should stand midway between (be doors bolding the thrnnometer. aboufl at from the floor until the mercery has responded to the car temperature which ordinarily is accomplished la from three to five minute*, depending on the quality of the thermometer. Thw temperature of the car at this polte should not be above 84 degrees F. If it is more than 38 degrees at this point, it Is dangerous to load the car for a haul requlrlrg Intensive ruin iteration. Unless the shipper is willing to take chances on the condition lu which his load will arrive at the mazv be should communicate with th* rallrond agent and request a car whirls la able to refrigerate the dretweti poultry properly. “All refrigerator caty should be provided with a floor rack 4 Inches In Ote clear, built of lengthwise string<v* made from 2 by 4 lumber and crosswise slats made from.I by 3 lumber. With 1H tneb spaces between. Them crosawisc slats are nailed to the lengthwise stringers. They do not Interfere with trucking the load Into the car. They should extend across the doorwvy. since It is this part of the car which la hardest to refrigerate and where air circulation Is most needed. A* railroad owned refrigerators as rapidly as possible are ■•etng equipped with racks which are fastened to the m4* » so that they can be turned back

URGE UNITED FIGHT ON EUROPEAN BORER luect It Serious Menace to American Agriculture.

Has Brooms Well Established In Both Massachusetts end N«w Yorto— Meet En«r»srUc Msesuras FA-

vorau for Eradication.

(Frepeivd by tb# United Ktstss D*pert-

msrt of Agriceltura.)

Tb* European corn borer undoubtedly Is • serious menace to American agriculture. .The United Statra deliaf^ncri of agriculture has for anme time railed attention to the extreme danger from this pert, which has bocuu«» well established In both Maasacbuaetis and New York. Now come* this reinforcement of that Judgment: “We, the National Aswadatlao of Ooouutae'oner* of Agriculture, with official <-nlomologl*t* from many states and representatives of the United Slates department of agrlculture. together wltn representatives of the t'enndlan government, present as eii-crt* In eonferenre upon the altdation. expree* ourselves. after examining the Infested urea, n* thoroughly convinced that Mil* i-e»t Is one of thr moat dangerous Inaecta which has Ik-oido established In America, unit «o hereby place ouraelvea on record in favor of mi*i energetic effort* or Ihe pert of federal and atate agencies to control and. If possible, to exterminate this laan-t. including In the program vigorous quarantines tc prevent >1* distribution." That ta a pari of the resolution* adopted by the Huropenn Corn borer conference, begun at Albany. N. Y , on Anguai 28 and concluded at Bo* ton. Maas, un August 2)t Tb* rtat< rnrainiBaton*** of egrirultur*. state entouioiaclst* end other* went over Ihe -or i Helds Around Krhenertndv N. Y.. and Boston, kliaa., and saw the method# of da*!notion practice by the United Mat** d<f>arim*at of agrtsuit tire end “ut atate agencies, to-

gether with th* damage caused by the borer. The commissioner* of agriculture returned to their state# convinced of the reality of the peril and of the necessity of unifying all effort* to protect the farmers of the country fro® a destructive Insect that may quickly spread over very large area* unle® most energetic control work U dene on a large scale!

TREES GROW BEST ON SLOPES Roughest Areas on Ft

(By w. J. MOKRIIJ, Color turai Oellsae. Fort Collin*. Colo.) Tree*, especially cone bearing treeA seem to prefer newly eroded eoff. Steep elope* are exposed to comparatively rapid erosion and here tree# do the best. Level ground Indicates old soil, old In the sen** that it waa derived from rock, ss a rule. lonvwr ago than soil found on steep sieves. Old soil probably contain* an excess of soluble Milts, too much for beet

tree growth.

In the mountain* one sera the strap slopes clothed with tree#, white tlio occasional flat spi t la likely to be bare of trees The roughest area# --a the farm present the moat favorable localities for aueeraaful tree growing. ! KEEP VEGETABLES IN WINTER Tampsratura Slightly Above Freezing Point U Prottrred for Beets, Turnips and Carrots. (Hr A. r YKAniCn. North Dakota Ag-rl-ulturat CoUac*.) Turnips, beets, and csrrou will hasp best ut n temperature slightly above freezing. Cubhage will aland coiuiiderable freealng. and salsify and pnromp* may be left In the soil over winter If desired Squashes and pumpkins will keep best in a wa>in dry place. A warm attic where It does not fiwn ta good. Potatoes require a cool ptainot ton dry. Oebbxgc and nearly all toot crop* may be et>*rod In the ground They must be put deep onoogb to 1# below the frost Hoc and should he aurrouiidr .1 with straw to kivp them iron direct ronlaci with ihe eoll