asm m mn 1 ” 1 '—

the distances at trnlch the shock a from .{he discharge of varloos explosives “ \ brief tnvestigBtlon of the £ the transfer of entrey from fl tpielng tool to the clog and coal were also made in : '-osvler that reonnunendatlons could be made na to e-of qdalis machine which could be used t work with the least noise. 4o 4fcte;-f9MMPon It was. found that sounds ' Were ffamcclcfftr only about half aa Car In day a* in ahaio^Kn^ejuid about one-quarter as far la der ss tp <y»al. To give aome Idea of the s»n«l- —• * Instrument it may be said that Ph pick on the bituminous coal can h f« a distance of POO feet, and the , and that pounding with a d as far as 1.180 feet. These s made In the PIHsburgti coal sdhn In the.vicinity of Pittsburgh, where the coal a somewhat harder than in most other bituminous seal b«l$. The explosion of a one-ounce charge'

from the drill In the rain* and a point located on tbs side of the drift behind which the drill In the raise was apparently operating. The survey -mark was then ascertained to be from two and one-half to three feet to the right of this mark. A drill

set up and operated at the surrey mark did not break throagh Into the drift, wherers a bole drilled at the fetat In the drift located by the gtxipbohes reached the raise and proved the geo-

phone'observation to have been correct within a

Specialists Recommend That Farmers Assist.Kature in Sheltering Forage Crop.

treat XdvanU UttM Under

SHOULD NOT BE CUT CLOSE

Groat 4

Understood in <

tlon of Northern Sta

Eaoontial That Sufficient Growth Allowed to Remain to Catch Snow—Flalua Should Be Perml tied to Grow «t Random. (Prepared by the halted State* Depart-

When the ground U frosen. the snow Is flying, and the>ln4 la whistling a merry gale, your atfslfti field trill prise a warm winter overcoat und» which It wnTpaas the cold weather in excellent condition. Nature is tb* tailor that turns out the winter clothes for the alfalfa /leld and apeciallsu of agricoltnre recommend that farmers cooperate aa far as possible with nature In replenishing the winter wardrobe

of this forage crop.

The e are two Important reasons why alfalfa should not be cut or grazed close at the end of the growing season. It is essential that a sufficient growth be allowed to remain on the field to catch and hold snow, and to afford protection to the plants from severe winter conditions. It Is even more Important that the late growth he not cut or grazed, since dose cutting or grazing makes it Impossible lot the plant to store np the necessary reserve food material In Its crown and X Unless there Is such which to draw, -the vigor of the plant Is greatly Impaired and It is not

• cutting acro*s ZV the Instrument Is placed I is pounding or digging r ;• trmpsmltted as wave d th' earth-waves zhske s laoi. on account of Ita , ncded between the 7 nemperatlvely motionless. * | relative motion between | the lead weight The i and rarefaflon of | take* place. Since the • atetbeecoplc earpiece U r In the goption*, this n is carried to th* *ar- ■ are used, one for

y moving (he insirnroanta A ttmud wt-vo the sound rot intensity In both

the centers of r tn front of or bshiad nation will show qullc accurately del sound Is not arisaliy he other, hut the esr Is f the difference In time at '0 Instrument*, lo are slightly | still to be ebte to (lo-

lls! soce that dlfferMld b* beard through the ne hovel M-*»urc-

^ I Talla th« Implement. One interesting feature of the instrument Is that'the wound transmitted to the ear Is characteristic of tbo.lraplemrnt producing the sound. To Uiustntnt 'Twe’-v* mining and carpent'.-rlag operations were carried out on the coal rib An rngrrOer of A* Thlfesu of mines who had never used the geophone and who did not knov what tools were to be operated was able to recognise and name nine of the implement* nt a distance of several hundred feat through the rests. The other three sounds wore accurately Jescribed, but the tools were net Identified. Now that the war Is over, the bureau has tun to the development of the instruments for peacetime ness. For one thing. It Is believed that they will be of groat value to mine-res may be ortertng mines for exploration and to locate miners who may have been entombed after a disaster. The tests so far made In the vtctnity of Pittsburgh show that a man pounding on the coal rib with L, pick, piece of amber r sledge eza b* detected end located from a v ’nt to 1.200 feet distant. This distance depends graatly ot. the character of coal upon which the man is pounding, and Intervening rooms and entries seem to have surprisingly little effect upon the distance or the determination of direction. Pounding with a sledge can be beard from 200 to £00 feet through the mine cover, depending upon the quietness of the day outside, stare any wind greatly Interfere* with ths successful operation of the Instruments. It will at once be seen that when mines are not too deep they can be “explored" from the surface and If will thus be possible to 3nd and locate n miner who Is poundtag. At the experimental mine in Hruceton Ps_ a man baa fnqurotly be st located through 140 feet of cover within SO leet of the exact l-olnt where be was pounding. A study Is also being made of the distance* that pounding on rails and plpea can be hea-rt. Since rails are generally burled In the earth or dust In the entries of a mine, and alnce this dust dampens the transmission ot the sound, the sounds are not transmitted very well. The same Is true of 1 lines. However, If the pipe lines are no. burled, but are laid on blocks and Gee. th* pounding can he beard great dlrtance*. Ho far no lines hare been found long enough to show the limit of the grophnne. It is known, however, that the nuked and* farther than 2,00') feet, tc Quid* Tunnal Work. expensive surveya have uomcte made to order thnt the approaching tunnel headings may be brought together acruratrly. Since direction ran be determined so well with the goophone*. It Is thought thnt they t guide such work. It would only t go into each heading and locate the direction from which pounding In the other beading was coming. Observations made In a metal mine recently ahoiad that din--tion can be determined much ■ally In rock than tn coal- This Is probably due to the fact that there la aome reveri«*ra1 from a hammer Wow on coal. . It so happened that in this mine a raise was being driven up. about six or right feet distant from u shaft. Obasrvaticna were mode la the drift vf ths sound

It la also thought the Instnasent* will be of great value In preventing acc'jjenr* from explosions when breaking through. In this connection an Interesting Incident happened recently. Observations were being made at a tunnel heading. The pit hoes happened along and asked to be allowed to listen.' He put the earpieces hi his ear* and remarked: “Mark ir tamping a charge and we'd better move away." He spoke as naturally as he would hove done hhd he been watching Mack, and It Is quite evident that he did not realize that the sound was coming through 300 feet of coal, otherwise he would not have given the warning. Observation* were made recently of a mine fire burning from SO to 40 feet Wow the surface. A low ruihbUng noise could be heard as If air were being drawn la along crevice*, and occasionally sounds could be heard from the snapping and falling of pieces of coal or rock. As well as can be determined, the fire area was accurately located, but owing to the fuct that the fire could not be approached from Inside, the-data could not be Checked absolutely. It U Interesting to note that stiwiisr sounds could be heard from only one point on the Inside of the mine and that point waa the aa located on the surface. In addition to the uses enumerated, en engineer of the bureau has discovered that the Instruments can be employed advantageously In locating knocks In automobile valve* and cy'lnders. For this parpose It la beat to mount the instrument on • attest Iron rod that can be easily inserted It machinery. Not only < n a troublesome cylinder be located h. this ma. uer. but the trouble area la tta» cyllnd-v also can be found.

The owner of a large farm la Pm sylvanla. on which one of the ta^i tempts ut terracing in the Had* J lan tic states was undertskrs b spring. Is enthusiastic aboat tbs ha efits of this w ork. He fcasadbafifl a drainage division of the Ttais-a He Roads, which superWazd I project, aid in extending th* bmaal

this fall.

This sort of rural engineertanra In the region, and the low ibtpa various levels on the sloping feM* this farm have occasioned thr Ba est Interest in the whole dMrfck 'k racing of various types na* ham w Uced la parts of the South tm-mm her of years, but In many mCSmw the North Its great ail i ■ steam i little understood. Conaeqam^h i bureau Is particularly latmm* this demonstration of- the poaaaa value of terracing on this Ibaat vanla farm. The Bureau of Public Ruadz jpd out that the washing awqy dC«a by water coett the tarmoz ^ ’ United State* approximately oa»i lion dollars every rear. SUt Mi from this cause occur tn uss«j at ot the union and In almost ty of every state. Tu i wkac M raog} effective method of prcrTTBa There are two type* of ftamW the bench terrace and the s4Rm race. A field of beach tammaa Kembles a series of bench** arm*

Implies, are simply rid thrown up across the s

bate, narrow t>**e

A broad base is the mm* wommnm*

ot the tLiu, an^ as yet h only a few tocaUtfas.

It 1* rapidly coming into* and is taking the place a*' base because of Its s* most. If not an. conffltfc the type cn the Penngy Its chief advantage Dm that It can be readily era farm machinery, and ithei not interfere with the u

erations. Th* broad I earth gives the terrace a withstand the pressure ad

SWINGING DOOR VERT I

APPLE TIME.

Tha crisp, trooty days of autumn are a ante indication that the apple Season Is In full swing. Thus* who can pick The fruit ar* fortunate, for the ■* pie fresh from the tree, at this time of the yaar. Is unrivaled in flavor and temptingly tart and Rriey. But the privilege of gathering apples Is no longer limited to those who live In th* country, for nowadays many families' who own can avail themaelve* of the opportunity of motoring to the suburbs, where they may either gather a georrou* supply from unclaimed tree*, or purchase the privilege of picking better varieties from the orchard of some thrifty farmer. After a few of thess trips the housewife will find that she has obtained enough apple* to supply ber family with o variety of preparations for the winter* use. 8o many thing* may be done with apple* that one become* enthusiastic nt the thought; they may he canned, dried or made into fruit butter* anj) Milan, fruit sirup and fruit leather. Keen the pulp which remains may lie fed to the cattle, hogs or sliccp. so thcr* U no warta whatever In the whole process.—Christian Monitor.

able to withstand severe winter weather. This la true of old a* well a* of young plants, and dose cutting has been as responsible for the mortality of the plants as lack of Inherent hardiness on the part ot the strata. Late Hay Crop A common practice of many alfalfa raisers is to cut off a crop of bay rather late In the fall lure the forage so heavily at this time that ad equal, growth will not be available for the protection of th* crop during cold weather. The scant hay crop which the grower galea by thl* practice of late clipping to no respect repays him for th* damage which he usually does to hi* ctand of alfalfs. Every fanner should allow his alfalfa fields to grow at random, unmoleeted during the f*H a» by thl* h* 1* providing the Maentlal warm winter clothe* for the crop. Not only should ha refrain from cutting any hay but he *l*o should be careful not to graze the alfalfa too closely. Thl* applies particularly to new stands, reeded the preceding summer, as the fall growing season Is the time when these

Device Will Enable fw Hog Pena Mora Com Winter and Sum

A door attached aVtl^'tap MIMMIF awing to and out will not ashy*** one to keep the pens waxw touMv

“> “" i " to

prevent the hog* from I

door off. and doe* not r that docks attached <

*ay* a writer I

There are different a

wall, or an ordinary n

NESTED IN TOWER TWENTY YEARS.

Thvre 1* an old Kngliah sparrow that ha* nested In the ear** at Tower C. at Kn-t Kom.-r vll * (Baltimore and Maryland yard*), for the last 20 yrara. Fifteen yuan ago he »*« caught and marked with a bund of sliver wire Ju*t to see how long be would live. er Is being built at Tower C, and as the new tower lr of brick and so constructed Micro I* no nesting place in the cu\c*. and when tho old tower t* tom down the old sparrow will he deprived -if a home. Consequently one of the towermeu caught the old sparrow (he 1* very tame), and took him to Wakefield nn-1 kept him In the garage several day*, thinking he would neev there. But when he wa* let out he made a beeline for Tower C n t Bn*t 8um»rvllle. and has been there

Perhaps, utter all.

hr can find a place i brick tower when his o! home Is torn down,—Boston Globe.

and produce •ufflelenl growth for their cold-weather proteettan. Thl* growth, which ultimately dies and lies like a blanket over the field through the winter, will not reduce the quality of the next cutting of bay, hut on the contrary, will act as a beneficial mulch. ProUetlng Animals from Bloat. It U also essential to protact ths farm live stock against bloat where they are pastured even lightly during the fall sea .in on the alfalfa fields. This la best done by never turning the live stock on the alfalfa fields at a Time when the animal* aa* so hungry that they will gorge themselves with this succulent green feed. Another reason why late fall cutting* of new alfalfa field* are undesirable cornea from the fact that not only are the hay yield* limited In quantity, but they also are inferior In quality. being washy and without the bonebulldtae and growth-producing substances which are the valuable elements in well-matured, full-grown alfalfa.

ALFALFA IS BEST FOR MILK

Cheapest Feed for Dairyman as There Ar* 212 Pounds of Digestible In Ton.

Alfalfa 1* tbs cbenpeat home-grown feed to produce milk. There are 212 founds of digestible protein In one ion and thr average ytald per senaon to three ton* per am-. By adding nitrogen to thr aotl alfalfa gives ar mart a It takas.

Door Swings to J

the pivot extended below I an Inch or ao. 8U11 u * to Insert pins In the A the door frame stoat «

REPAIR SHOP QUfTE I

Tim* and Money Saved V er Other Machinery M Get Out of Ord

A shop that need not ha with expensive tools, but Ml almost Indispensable when h a demand of modern farmfc a tractor or other farm ■ implement need repair. boQ money can be saved If a n to on the place. A forge, nuvtl, tongs am will make welds and i

press drill are I Old files can be made tnt» w The farm Junk hem- can I and will produce w ooderfM i the outfit, and a trip to the M shop in tc-u and vegalie* cun be avoided.

GOOD FEED FOR bftE 3

tillage properly made tana for horse*, cuttle and ahmqt crease* the Sow of milk to when price* are high «*, ttoa log the ccsi of production and tag the profitn.