Semite Dickiivnorv

BieilipJII OF'BA D/WIpf EACH FALL 111$

An Apple Siw and Grader la Operation. <Pi«pered by the United Stxtee Depart-

meat of Aartcnltare.)

With a view to meetloK the needs of apple crowera In the East, middle West and elsewhere who hare not Placed tfcMr traslrim «tf the most profitable basis, the bore an of markets has Jost pebllsbed Fawner* 1 Bu.letln No. 108U, “PrepomdoB of Barreled Apples fot the Martcet." The apple crop In a majority of the states is shipped

Jartt Xalt wrote a characteristic appreciation of Cion ra non for a railroad administration book-

ISL-lS which Se m<]:

, r * lon canon U an epic, written by Mother Na-

thhe in her most ecstatic humor. Uhastmad by Oreotton in its most majestic manifestations, pobttjahto God Almighty as ar IcsptnWon to all Mwfwt Zion canon is the most beaotlftfl spot <• H»i*-contlwat I think I have seen'aR the **n*e<F-aSow-pltccs that the erolntlon of the •arth a format.ou has made. And of then. aQ

Zkm to me rands Brat standa alone." Zkw has ihr double charm of form sad -color,

andltl* > erd jo say which la the more appealing.

* Zion canon be- * -iff the Mormon

i the Virgin riy^r more * perpendicular wfells pre-

» barriw to hostile trlbesN» r to the canon U spacious

these « ffclftijA' The ' “ -

*»ft aid thaaeH itt-Vat- Th. conrae up the luTvi^ai. Zos a convenient t** os wad the vaMaMon of view and of desma.lon

' roAs Its proportions are mite valley, la Yo- • walla are aevrral honf cenoa Is considerably K of the gorge, however, wind and rain have , and other* curious f many of the fee-

’ color that gives the The finishing toucbMi of the . valley Boor am] I am) in the nlchaa of the loo walla." as been prartirally Insc*n» have aeefi it where foafenlte. But Zina's rialam tribute. The Indian* Bp—laud of God—beefuae Vhe fierce Morn.cm sea lot «n” because of its heavbeck In the erven tiee «f Urn no canon fame ____ f his way by the nr.H-.ihig taf rock “lifting Its opaleacem

aard with the marvelous infinite cnmpilcution of la doubtful if la tills reis equal Not ev«j the ora varied spectacle: yet

apbe: of the Pcwell party, Od vlML ( the wondrous beauiy of E. Dutton. “Is its proper1) to Yoeetnlte, but in tha tf its acuTptures there is no 4hb to a z*yr."

■■A the lofty rails la great. At the end af «ii or '•cv* 1 wlira of canon the wall narrewa te the ■ . gtseam. Wlurt there Is beyond !a pra.tMRy onIhown. Thta from the gateau above the rlslaHor may look down thonnanda of vertl^.l into , palmad raftPD with Rs rtrer. From the river ^■afe We ir.BjTJook up thousands of foet ertth a '•*" sglog rievr"at every turn of the canon. tr *‘ Th- •o-n.nor to the >wnon Is most Imin —In the west-riser tie We*t Temple <7.630 feet), ••wkad h> the Towers of the Virgin. The guardian te /%• eist Is the Kast Temple <7.000) flanked Wy the Watchman ffl^SO), and Bridge mountain fC.OSg). Then come the Streaked Wall on the swat aide and th# Brown Wali on the east Side topped respectively by the Three Patriarchs and the Mountain of the Run. Extraordinary features of the wall formation Include El Gobemedor tae Great Organ anfl tha Temple at Slaawava. ,* The visitor Dually comes to a point where the ebaam ts nsore than 2A0Q feet deep and the walU so oearty touch that he looks up to aw no sky ajlla are practically vertical and parallel and warp In urd out. thus cutting off the blue above. Hare It revealed the accret of the Making of ZH,r m Is pointed out by Dr. G. K. GObret of the United State* geological aurvey. This chasm It an esampie ef Bewawan) erosion by aand-bearing water, which acts like the marble saw. The cut ts not entirely reriloil, because the current has carried the rutting sand to one side or 'he other, and the cut undatster, both in Its vertical and

ho ri son (at Wcttous.

The forms along the canon walls are extraordinary. And the rolnre aro even more striking. Ths famous Vermilion Cliff of the Pslnuvl Draeri here combines with th* White Cliff and we aae a thouse-id i-** of vh!i* sop.-Imposed on two thousand fert of red. But this suruing combination U but the beginning of a veritable riot of color. The Vermilion Cliff rests on the Painted naarrt atmtum—flM feel of a deejwr red set off hy purple and mauve ahslea. Below this Is a hundred feet of brown and gray conglomerate The crowning touch Is the coloring of the upper sum mils of the White Cliff. Here Acre are In place* several hundred feet of varicolored she,os end tiniest ones whore seejage fantastically stains the glistening while. In consequence of the meeting of there man; ..Uore Zion la as gorgyotw as - Gyp*y scarf, sud snurie* and sunoet produce in-

beUevable effects.

to iWBVi*. take Ae West Temple. From a IM ““ ’ irellnw*, browaa

’ZiarcZlTTYazr'-* grays and purples it lines abruptly 4.000 feec The body Is a teffllant red. The -upper third to white. The huge mass U ao perfect in conformation that It snggests the work of a titan architect. And on top of the leffty cent-a! rectangle rests a squared mp of rad above gUstenlng white. Actons the cannon, and stlghtty to tlie north, rising between fwo peaks of deepen omber looms the great silvery dome of /he Eastern Temple. tioAed in colorings like to its western staler. This rounds to a bread summit npon which Is mounted a symmetrical cap of that same beautiful bloodUlse sandstone formation. Just beyond the East and West Temples are ranged three cone-shaped mountains, wildly rugged A ihelr outlines and facing another court of totally different type from Aat which fronts the • WastArn Temple. Here again ha* Bible history contributed the titles, for the three peaks are known as the "The Patriarch*" acd tae space at Aelr base the “Opart of G.e Patriarch!.. A little farther on is another trio which occuplea Ae esc tern wait Of decidedly different formation and coloring, they are called Ae “Three

Brothers."

A great white dome Is known a* the “Mountain of the Fun.” Here Ae breaks in both canon wa'l* have brought about a most Interesting effect. for this beautiful mountain catches the first glint of Ae rising and receives Ae last kiss of the setting sun. Still another feature of the “Mountain of the 8un“ Is the tint of the nrtergl""that changes U* chalky summit Ato a rosy dome. Msny Intersecting canons and Ae tortuous conrae of the main canon give great variety to Ae formations. Possibly El Gobcrnador is Ah gem of them all. Rtaodlag m a tarn of Ae canon. Us mighty mass rises sheer 8.000 fret from the creek Aat skirts its bare, this pile preset,t* a picture ussarjiaased. Gray at its base, it cl ears to a glistening wlilte wlA a summit that terminates In a groat table. Far up on one of Its fan* Acre hangs a wonderful natural bridge. Ae toy of which has never been pre**ed by the foot of man. Beyond El Gobernador the canoe twists aad turn* until It widens out Into the most weird of aU its bizarre features. This Is the “Great Temple of BAawava." which occupies a vssl am|>h:theater Ant A by wahi of brilliantly colored rock Awering 2.000 fret above Its floor. Here the rippling creek horseshoes around n most remarkably formed sandstone object that doaely resem hies a Buddha seated ua-tUa tbroee. legend has given this [dace a* Ae AcuUty where the prohistoric people ct Al* southwestern land gathered A do reverence to HUiawsvn, their ruling deity. l»e place fllto Ae MU. If «*ar Acre was u spot where weirdly mystic fncintuOons and wildly Impressive ceremonials would aemn to arcUrsAly fit Into thi snrrouidlngs. It Is -This same rock-

bound pocket in the dej.AS of Bon.

Juet beyond the preMstoric tetople the canon enter* its narrows until the creek occupies even foci of the floor snd fra Aery -waterfalls Ucsh

down from more and lichen'corcred terraces.

As If Acre -rere not enough. It Is known that there are other beauties possthlr m even m.jro wonderful quality. Secretary Lane of the Interior department, In recommending the bill,

wrote:

“I have dwelt particularly apon Zion canon 1*rauir It la now readily accemlble and iM-camw It Is sctuslly t>efng used s* a tourist resort, but there are ..Aer canons A the reservation that are bigger and even more beautifnlly colored 8M U “*«f» r * nj, lh A tK) entered and explored. In time they will all be open to the public. Further more, there are In the reservation mountain*, waterfaUs. natural bridges, ancient cliff dwelHngond bumeron* other feature* Inierrating to th. i Aurist and exceedingly valuable A the aclonlisi I

A large amount of Ae barreled fruit reaching the market each season is impaired In quality by being picked at the wrong stage of maturity, e«Aer too earl] or too late. The grower must realize that fruit la not ready A be picked when It clings to the sours so tightly that Ae spurs are. pulled out or broken. Furthcmore, Ae color of fruit, which eventually turns red. Is not aAgtys t reliable Index, tho intensity of Ae color being dependent npon Ac prerailing cloudiness or brightness of Ae weather. WheAer or not Ae red color develops normally. a reliable Indication of maturity Is a ground color which, when the fruit Is ready for picking, should be turning from clear green to a whitish green or greenish yellow. Yellow, green and russet varieties of apples are generally ready to pick when they have attained the proper alee and Ae stems separate readily from Ae spurs. In picking apples, the stem should be separated from the spur either by gtvAf Ae fruit a slight rotating motion combined with a sharp upward .twist or by exerting a slight pressure with the thumb or forefinger at ttye Joint of the -stem and spur Just as the fruit is

pulled.

A variety cf picking utensils are commented on In Ae bulletin, some of which are mentioned for special ap: proval. In removing Ae crop It Is gen-

msmw

At Bring

frame, and to not Ttfted far rwMK Ae fruit frata Ae'apron AA the Mi, reL The anfles must be amkfffh'-

hand into baskets A which lowered AA barrels.- The k

of this Is that all ap careful Inspection.

Sizing machines for bsrrlt ra are galnAg popularity. They I been need A Ae Northwest ftirflra years for siring boxed apples, i

erate o^ a different p; employed A barreieJ*

chines.. At' prestot i _ are being used quite cxlrnatstky-fcr barrel packing A «H sectfcns fla AaM the demand Ar apples of anUmastom. The meet common practice AsiMUBI Ae barrel apple ssetfeto to A ragmrate Ae fruit tota rwp *t*w«i»* jkora 2ii to 2ft inches'and 2ft MbramMI larger. There are a variety «C machines employed A do this wmk. «mto fea raring some distinctive meAraMi device or sorting procesr. ts mraraM. any of three will *Ixe upplra atoMtow Arily for barrel packing, ia awfltora a selection, the apple gro-wer twr Ms

which machine has a . m—Mi

to the rise of IBs sm-

chard and can he eperated sraff awrhomlcally. He shtold 'also to* Mr one of slmjrte design and froe. frora features requiring toe much nflMb

ment, and ahould t

will not bruise Ae freit 1

tty of tbe machine slu>ald<mtoe Imomksidered. The various meAodstotto^' Ing the fruit to Ae sizing madhr should also be studied n i rrt^ offT~ Influences directly Ae total-tajhrtP . put and consequently tbe raM-off^

eratlon. Only small macMaas

operated by haod power. . Sowar iff a , simplest' types having a ^ perhaps 100 barrels a day cow hr mm

In this way. but in most c

proval. In removing Ae crop It Is gen- ,,ul

erally advantageous to use both sacks 0,1 “f, eo * lne mMar to

and baskets, as Ae latter are especially convenient for gathering fruit near the ground, while Ae sacks can be ' to advantage for ladder work. a> Ae pickers have both hands free. The

chief disadvantage of sacks Is Aat . . . — their use' Involvre a greeter possibility I fru,t nnf * , « ht paekagec. of bruising Ae fruit. A emptying Op (ration of Grading Laura

erable.

The apple grower ratshnrm slderable quantity of ft*»tt choa careful attention to tbe aBuast mechanical /eyors, whkh

much labor doA

either Ae bosket or the sack, care should be taken to avoid dropping the Icult. If a basket is used, it should be lowered to Ae bottom of Ae lug box or oAer receptacle and Inverted gently. A certain type of aack Is constructed with a drop bottom, ao Aat Ae trait can be emptied wiAout

bruising It.

Ladders Maks or Mar.

Much efficiency in picking depends on Ae use of ladders of the proper type. Several varieties are In rommon asa. Step-ladders are especially i

Ufaetory for work A small tree* and . . .. ^. In picking from the lower branches of * t * t * U ” fl -

Urt.r ire*, ■n,, mo.1 trm 1 ”*'*«" “»CI, ,■« ul »I th, bottom "( Bthtt, t,ram l-,m< MB,: *, lop mm .»pp„n,a with ““”'W th tl!ff,r-mt *

I. At ■ nh not cooobB " * Orfontw th. po^u,

The vrsetment of grading k apples Is a comparatively reerat to opment. The present fstoxaf 1 known as the Sulcer low, A«K m July L 1013. and at sdxmt torn a time a number cf states alas pa tows. For several seasons As a taws have not been entirety wmm ful In obtaining results deabvB. ■ were enacted hurriedly, aad map them contained provisions not cam ent wlA commercial prueflera. f. degree of enforcement In tMtoi cutes has varied markedly. VtoB more, fruit from many of Ar flb

ruL-. not cnougB

consideration U given to the selection

of ladders.

Where Ae crop Is parked over tables Aat are moved about the orchard Ao packers usually carry the fruit In tha (risking utecail to Ae packing table. While It Is common practice for As pickers A do this. It should be avoided by assigning certain member* of the crow to this task. They should also furnish tbe pickers with empty

receptacle* as needed. Das of Sorting Tables.

Two tvpes of grading or sortlug tail* are used almost exclusively where As fruit i* graded A the orchard, ond they are uned to a largo extent A parking housea. These are the apron tnhic and tbe canvas or burlap table. Tbe apron table or a variaMon of this typ- 1* commonly u*ed In all sectiono. The bed. which 1s slatted, so Aat trash falls through It. Is Inclined, causing the fruit a* It Is graded to roll a the lower end. where on oiwnlng a stop <>r drop It is lowered b> means of an npron tnto Ae barrel. While work ran be done rntber rapidly whh Uti* table. It Is not altogether **'("factory, a* tbe fruit frequently crowds past tbe snrters and l« nulla carelraraews A«-lr part Tim onvea ,,r burlap

law. In spite of these obje

ever, a Mate law that 1* prarthafl A It* specifications and IntcHlgrafl^ ras forced will carry wlA It many aflrara

tagre.

The grower who feels tbe m0 dfl a packing house -rill find rex*tsBraa ‘ In tbe section of the hulletta toaraM to designs of such building*- Stora plans of various types are sraaMtol' One' provides for an output off at barrels a day, and a second iduBAra a house equipped with Aren caBta machines having a total eagMflto ^ 1.200 barrels a day. A third pAu para videa for an output from twgmnMfltoto

w'A a total'capacity cf 100

day. ]

Partial sugxe*tlons relaOng ts to Ing concludes the bulletin. An a to ; part of Ae barrel crop of the i < I* packed In Ae orohard. K to rang aary to haul the parked fruit tromtm to fifteen ulleo. Under maqy oasAb lion*, espcciully when; reaBs •• Ra vorable, motortrucks are brat ^toto for thl* work. The farm a rare mm commonly used Is equipped wtra an ordinary wagon bed or r. orarafffc frame, and has a capartiy «r « irarrls. Both types of wagao atraM toa equipped with springs, |~ futotj krto

springs, for careful I

mite 1

• 2?*, U la * a ? w,ttl ■ Pl*«e of Ala ma i tbs packed fruit is quits as

Beautiful apparently must look I ^to ■ rectangular j as care In the pack leg opsci