CJLPE MAT COTJUTT TM*S. SEA ISLE CITT, N. J.

§"Weei:

(PrepATwl hr «h» T'nll*d BtatM “••m ef Acrtcalturv.) 1IEKK in Scriptural actliorlty I for the statement tnat bitter [ waters anG sweet do uot flow front the aaroe fountain. The same trott applies to well* on the fann. The fi.mlly that use* a well or sprlnj: subject i to comaanination 1* almost surely destined to taste the dregs of *' -enw and sufferinc baMDg drunk Its dlseaw-inilen output. In«nU *0^ made by the United Stares dcTwrtt of agriculture Indicate that only a *maH m:y of fartn-water BUpj.lie* can be classed RguallCedly safe and desirable. On the avertbree out of four farm wells are loesied wltb5 feet of a back door of the house end In direction of the barnyard. iHt convenience and first cost, not safety, been the deciding factors In such cases is ■ evident by the nearness of barnyards, pig pastures, fertilized fields, sink drains, prir•esspools. and areas rendered insanitary by ;ens. slops, and other filth. Too frequently ■epage from these and other aource*. after g the ground water, moves to wells and ■*. impairing the water supply by Impurity, may be grossly poisonous. E.-wsge Disposal. pular Indifference to the effective disposal svage has existed so tatg and so universally only within com para lively recent yean hat realized that this waete product of hulife Is poisonous and must be kept from the and drink of man. From the specific germs •Ison that may be carried In sowage at any there may result typhoid fever, tubercniobookworm disease, cholera, dysentery, dlarir other ailment*, and It »* not imprv >able certain obscure tnnUtle* may be traced eri-nt-the poltoeous effects of drainage from buwaste. the poison U Imlsfble to the nsked and It may be carried by many tg.*uriea. by route*, and be uusaspecctrgly received • human body. Typhoid fever 1* peculiarly disease, and tunny Instances clearly Indl•eriou* neglect of respomdblllty wl'b regard n tat Son by people who 11%-e hi the country. to dispose of sen-age promptly invites nul- . but not to dispose of sewage cleanly and etely Invite* disease. It Is not enough that J fltth Is taken 50. 75. 190, or 150 feet from a well or spr-ug. or that It 1« merely to lower ground. Given loose or *uh*oJl, seamy ledge, or long-eonflTined polioof one fflnt of ground, the tone of eonlan.Inals likely to extend and readily may reneb distast wells. C5«t>e»-lai;y at such time* us wotem are lowered by drought or heavy Ing. Whatever tlw system of sewage disit idx-ulr! !>e entirely and widely sepafrotn the water supply, and. If possible, uiface of the sewage In any leaky privy, should be lower than the lowany near-by well. The United department erf agriculture ha* prepared tin No. 712. from its Ifllfl Yror**ook. entl-b-wnge Disposal on the Farm,” which gives ..ganllng various types of outhouses, sugis regarding plumbing, cesspools, septic and retated subjects. This pamphlet wfll led free on request. Pure Water the Heed, of the first and obvious needs of Amerinnc* Is pure water supply. From the «lnf of the housewife. *••<-<>nd only In Imre to purity. Is the installation of a wste' In the farm honse that will save inbor. inued pun-picg will not Improve water In If th » sources whiclt feed It nre po»-syi?5er.! cult. WcBs cannot be located In ail case* wholly fre- frrtn imllution, but t’ grmt'VUard* an dean ground, and as wide sepis as possible trotn the probabit- chnunds er for domestic use should be clean, lus oc'orloas. colorless, wholesome, soft, neither ly acid nor alkaline, and Its temperature leral farri purposes tdiouid be about 50 deTliese characteristics, however, are never of purity, for a gins* of water nuiy po*-

dergrounfl water Is without merit although “forked-etidk” artists from experience often are better able to Judge the probabilities off ground water than the averrge person. -Various Kind* of Wells. Well* are spoken of as shallow or deep. dug. bored, driven, or drilled, and In the caae of tubular wells, as nonflowlng. flowing, or artcrian. I*er»«ms Interested In the various typer of well* and their const ruction, advantages, disadvantages etc., wilt find the subject treated In Farmers’ Bullet la No. (XL Wherever possible, the fanuhoase Obauld be fitted with some sort of running-water system, simple or elaborate, according to the loveatincnt the owner Is able to make. For suck systems my 7*0 raised by natural flow, hydraulic i. air lifts, or air-displacement pump*.

lifting devices Since rams of various u makes perform differently. It usually is t K acrert tbs mechanical details determined by the manufacturer. The minimum, never more than the average, flow of the spring sbeuid detmslsc •he size of the ram. Otherwise, the one eclectad may be too large for the dry-w«athar flow. Small flows may b • determined by noting the tiaae required to fill p vessel of known capnrtty. La'-ger flows may be determined by -rdr Wfece the water supply Is far from the ram siie. It fat nsual to pipe tl flow to an open >t>nk or teuertolr located so at •» secure the desired length sad fall ‘rf drlv Sometimes the flow of a spring Is too «m. uate a ram chat Is sufllcWwt for domestic r» -nt*. In such histarces and where a near.. crook can bo damn od to obtain the necessary power head, the recoil of the rsm may be employed to admit the spring water, which Is pcm»ed by a fall of tho bmok water to the pipe drive. yiotloo of water prodacas friction, which Increases with the length -nd roughnesa of Ihe plm? and the rapidity of tue water's movement. Bence, wherever much water Is to be del.vered Through a long tUpc the power r- bend i ccwi-y to overcome friction should Ik* deti nnlned. The bulletin mcniVned before (Fanners* Bulletin No. Wl) «mtsfa>s a table which shows the friction head; that *. the number of feet to be added to the vertical ..eight for each 100 feet of Iron pipe (not new) to overcome friction when diachlrgIng given quantities of water.

Selection of Pwmp.

In the selection of a pump one should dei.Tmlne the kind oS well to be used, it* Inside diameter. depth to the bottom, the depth cased, depth to the water level, both when the pump 1# at re*: and in operation, and the maximum yield. The maximum quautiiy of water required per day should he calculated also. One should also drtrmioe the distance from the well to the proposed location of the pump and the vertical height between beoe point*; likewise the distance from the pi rap to the reservoir or tank and tj.,. vertical height between these points. The kind of power to be employed should he Settled

md p«w

. windmill, gaaoliae or <41 : motors—and the tnetiind of

upon rise—t

engines. or clot

trnnsm ttlng the power. Farni pump* usually are of the suction, lift, •nrce dee]• well type or some combination of these! Suction nod lift pumps do not raise water above the pump nor discharge it under pressure. Suction pump.* require the cylinder to be

feet ve

be rols* J

within the oUnder ily by suction 3Si> the actual suction two-thirds of the

. lift. Where

* pump cannot be placed so that the limiting suction lift will not be exceeded. It Is nece«*-iry to lower th pump cylinder Into the well, rnls'eg the water from the cylinder to the spout by the direct lift of the pi-ton. Water cr.n be pnriied more easily than it can be pulle»l. hence, rather than resort lo extreme suction lifts it la preferable to lower die cylinder to within 15 feet or less of the supply, or still letter to submerge It. Where water Is discharged against pressure n force pump is necessary A practical installation for the kitchen sink Is a combined suri and force pump which will be found a great bor saver for the housewife. Deep-Well Pumps Deep-well putnj.s are heavier and stronger than those described above. They may be of the lift type and the standard or working head Is always directly over the well. The cylinder should be near (within 15 feet) or else beh wuter level which pnmplng and drought may create. Submergence H the preferable i.rrangeroent- In all Installation* the rise f the pump Ing cylinder must be determined from the size, depth, mid yielding power of the well, the quantity of water required, and the available pftwer. Deep wells and band or wind will outfits lake small cylinders. Pumping by means of compressed air Is very old. but the systems used prior to 190D required the air supply to be turned on or shat off according to wbc-ther or not the water was needed. Based on a patent granted In that year, a two cylinder nlr-displacement pump submerged in thwater supply situ controlled by the opening and closing of the faucet, was devised. The essentia! parts of Installation, besides such a pump rre an air compressor, storage ti.uk. engine or motor—with nlr and water pipes, and minor attachments. The pump open tes only when water u used, starting whenever a faucet Is opened and continuing until all faucets ave closed. The chief advantage, of nlr-dlsplacement pumps Is that water may be taken from ordinary depth or lateral distance, or from several at.nrce*. with orr power outfit and delivered direct from the well to the faucet. The power plant may he ocated wherever convenient and as many pntnpi may >e used as there are sources of water. Both hard and soft water may he delivered by using two "urnps and the necessary piping systems. Afrdlsplnrtoncnt pumps are not adapted at pres*nt to Hits much over 125 feet or to well* ',-** than three Inches in diameter, nor can they be used wnere more water la required than the well can supply within a specified period. Air pipes and air-displacement pump* must be tight and rermln tight hi service, and werklufc part* must be kept In good order. Horsepower Needed. Water may be raised by band, windmill, hydraulic rsm*. steam, bot air. jraa. Internal-com-bustion engines, or electric motors. Hand pow-r Is nurntted to large supplies or high lifts. Windmills are probably the most fatal'Inr type of mechanical power used, and often are arranged tn start and stop BLtnmaflcaTty. Gasoline and oil engines ate well adapted to farm pnmplng. an>1 may be equipped to stop at any desired pVesKitro In a supply tank. The t»*e of electricity for pnmplng it InercaUug. The method 1* clean, quiet, cud convenient, end starting or stopple- a distant jiump by throwing a switch may be practical wbereve; traosaalselon lines are sufficiently ‘ near. The theoretical horsepower needed to raise water U found by multiplying the gallons pumped (n one minute by the to*’l lift. In feet. Including friction In t*oth suction and discharge pipe*, and then dividing the product by 4.000. The horsepower. ns computed, chunk! he multiplied by from two to four lo overcome ossea In pumping and still allow for a reserve of power. Ordinarily one to two horsepower engines are su(Orient 'or farm pumps, but !l Is alwnys safest to determine this i•oln! *>y computation. An advantage to be dprived from the we’!-!n-stnlled farm water system often overlooked Is the benefit It affords In the way ef fire prevent'on. Wlth relatively small expenditure, fixture* can be added to a pli>e system, which give ready arte** lo the water supply for fighting flame*. In slim «t every case u fire can be easily put out If discovered at Its early stage, providing there ‘s fire-flgbtlng apparatus near by. anil all hnn’s. even the children, ore taught nod drilled to u-e such apparatus coolly and skillfully. CONCRETE ON THE FARM. If there 1* any one thing mere than another j that has aided the farmer 'n making hi* farm- j stead more attractive, his live stock more com- j forcible and hi* frnn more valuable. It I* con- j Crete on the farm. It is one of the most eco- | notnlcal and suitable fam-building materials. In permanency H cannot be surpassed. In fact. It | !» uurquahil In Ibis one respect. Conrnie I* I nl*o one of tbe biggest factors In making building* rut end mouse proof. Needles* to oay. rat* and rale- have always been a constant menace lo the fanners’ grain bins and comrrib*. but the

Black Locust Plantation, Trees Fiv* Years Old.

tPrrpared by Dm I'allod Slates Depart-

ment of Agriculture.)

Blaek locust—known also as “yellow" locust—Is •me of the most profitable and useful k'nds of timber for tbe farm. Tbs wood Is heavy, hard, and particularly durable when used In the ground. For use as fence posts, black locust Is long-lived and very desirable. Only one other wood give* longer service. namely, osege orange or ’ho!*

Blaek Locust Utilising Rocky Plscss on Farm Are Indications of Good

Farm Management.

d’arc.” v.-nlch, however, nowhere occurs In abundance and Is so hard that It Is difflcnU to drive staples into It ex-

cept when it is green.

Locust Grow* Rapidly. Block locust grows rapidly sod yield* good-sized fence posts st so age if from fourteen to twenty years, according to the foreet service. A worn-

lout field In middle Tenti"«-'-c v.filch ] ’JO years previously, had' t'erti y. ti'.ed | with one year-old loi-ust wt-Mug* yielded fence po*t« worth 51SS an tier* I on the stump, or 5ti«) at tbe railroad 1 about two miles distant. Thl*- wua a gne.* return of Sf.V .in acre yearly or a hillside of fairly good soil vflilrh bo fore the trees were set out had Mart ad to gully badly. Return* of 55 to az acre annually hove frequently been n-allzed on poor, thin hill land. Good soils underlaid with limestone ant planted to black locust In the Appala chlsn and Piedmont regions, froiz Pennsylvania to Kentucky and Tenues see. can be coubted on to yield an av erage of 510 an acre yearly at the end of from 15 to 20 years. The manufacture of Insulator pint requires large amounts of black lo-uab for which purpose it Is the most satle

factory wood.

Starting Black Locust.

In starting black locust small sprouts with a portion of the root may be dag up and used; or. better, th* seed may be sown In the spring it . drill* In good soil, like onion seed. At the end of the season the *.-eillinpt ] will be from two to four feel In height and satisfactory In size for setting out iHils may be done In the late fall, but the spring reason, about the time ■ growth start*. Is preferable In som« region* the locust wood borer 1* al ' most certain to cause extensive damage to young plantations unless special precautions are taken to ke«5> th» tree* In a healthy growing cnndltioc ; and the bark shaded by foliage, eithet from near-by tree*, shrubs, or weed* . Information on thl* Insect and method* | of Its control will be found In United | State* Department of Agriculture Bui j letln 787, “Protection From the locust

Borer."

J Strange as It may appear. Mack j locust although one of the most dur- ! able wood* wnen set In the ground, I matures early and detertorstij* iu th* | tree rapldlv If not cut when ripe. Com | merdzlly the tree Is asually mature la 15 to 25 years.

GOOD TOP DRESS FOR WHEAT ; FEEDING HAY AND 'lOUGHAGE Application ef as Little as Two Tons Handling and Hauling of Largo Bulk of Manure For Acre Msy Incroass May Be Saved by Giving Products Yisld Ten Bushels. to Live Stock.

It pay* a big profit to top dress tbe whew, with manure. An application of as little as two tons per acre may locrcsae the yield ten bushels; at least It has «L.t*e th.* much one year with another In Indiana tests. F'our tons make only about two bushel* more. The manure benefits the wheat directly through tbe plantfood which It contains, and Indirectly through tbe winter protectiou, which often Is of greater value. Where manure Is used as a top dressing tbe stand of clover Is generally better. There is an organic benefit from the manure which U considerable and uot bo easily explained. Where as much or more plantfood Is applied In the form of commercial fertilizers the resulting yield

has not teen a* large.

(Prepared by th* United btate* Deportment of Agrtculturo.) In the marketing of hay and roughage there Is a large bulk to handle sot haul to the point of delivery. Th« Uni .ed Sutes department of agricul tore points out that this mean.' muck extra labor for the men and teams o* grain and crop farms, and much fer tlllty Is taken off which might lie re turned to the fields If the product! were fed to live stock.

ly i

of liaving to depei

HOW WHEAT IS DISPOSED OF One-Half of Crop of 1918 Sold b) Farmers In Three Months Be-

ginning With July.

tPrepsred by the United Stabs Depa-t

meat of Agriculture.)

i Wheat is mostly marketed bv farm

CUT STRAW IS BEST BEDDING era won. or. at any .-ate, net l ng

j after the hart eat. Of the crop of 1918

Much of Liquid Manure. Now Wasted, more than one-bslf was sold by farm

Can Be Saved by Use of Ef- er* In the three months beginnini fect.ve Aosorbents. with July, .•nil B9.3 per cent Id foul | month*. Thereafter the monthly A great deal of the liquid manure •-.vies dwindled to 1.5 per cent of tin now going to waste can be saved by year"* total In June, 1919. the use of absorbents, such as straw. —

sawdust, muck and loam. I ncut NICE INCOMES FROM POULTRY

straw is a very valuatde nbs»rh*r.t.

taking up two or three times it* weijrV Hai , !ng chick:ns Has Many Attrac-

of water, while fine cut straw will ab Ult .. fcr T nose Whr Eniov A«o.

•orb six or tune times it* weight of liquid. Moreover, oats straw r mains

quite a .srge amount of plantfood. es- Poultry raising, like raising live pecially p-'tash. stock in general, bus many atuactiotu

for those who enjoy the work. Men

BUYING SMALL FARM TOOLS ^ *'>">«• <•'«- *«»«« ______ j with animal* jnd fowls. There are

women making nice income* from

Time and Money Can Be Saved by Making Purchase cn One Order-

Give Systematic Jare.

iPr«{*:ed by th* United Si*t*a

ricnt of Agriculture '

If possible all small tool*

i KILL GOPHERS IN ORCHARDS , Rodents Delve Deep at Thfa Time of e j Year and 8ometin.es Nest Under

l 1 -1 Cherry T rees