Dairy Outlook in New Jersey of Prof. w. M. Regan, Dairy ndman. New Jereey Agrlculral Experiment Station ue&tion of the dairy outlook In ey at present la a rather large s question of the oalry outany community In these times -Uon which we carnot speak in any authoritative manner. —d figures are not available the number of cows that are Id. and the condition of the 'ustry in general, because of dly changing conditions that having now as a result of the owever, as far as we at New ck can tell from our etperi- ■ the State, the dairy outNew Jersey is very bright. 4 not been any large numgood dairy cows sold from the tricts. There have been a of dairy cows sold, but unably the comws that have Id are the cows with medility of production. People are ni their good cjws. They are ib-iieve, in »hc dairy districts • more heifer calves than they ing that Is necessary, to my • improvement of dairy conthe next few years is more dairying than we have Our co-operative dairy New Jersey has increased Idly in the 1st few years and filter now than it ever did i speaking especially of testing associations that are in the State, and we have that our best work can be -agh the cow testing associae are planning to make the ; association fill a bigger « it has filled in the past. In about the only function of the g association, or at least the ion, was to discover and the unprofitable cow. In es. when the cost of milk : is such an Important fac- / community in getting for a Just price for their milk, of record keeping that takes deration something else beelimlnatlon of the unprofitis essential. With that in ar-* .lannlng to ins'all a <-OBt accounts with our rd association wherever it is so that it will be possible to not only which cow is pay--hich cow is losing, but how coils to product a quart of In mat way the dairyman will r-set figures at his commiud. the exact cost of milk pro< ac-

s herd.

function that the cow testi should perform. 1 bei than has been the cas ■ in la the co-operative buying of a would be surprised. In taky of the feed price* ie the T ew Jersey, 'i see what -nee there Is In the price t feeds within a radius of We made such a survey er and found a difference e of corn of $2' > a ton within Ox cou. »c. that Manifestly Somebody is either losing the corn that they ebody is making a whole You will be safe in saythe feedmen are not losing jr, po some of them must be great deni of money That with all feeds. That feaot be worked into the dairy -elation quite as easily of cost accounting. 1 belt will be necessary to get -rative and better co-opera- , in order to keep the the dairy business, another system of dairying nglng up. which is exactly o co-operative dairying: ■rporation dairying This. 1 1 have a considerable beare future years on the milk i in the State. It Is dairy.arge scale, where the indlr is not the big factor in

production; and with that in vie*, 1 believe we should pay more attention to a more efficient system of dairy co-opeiation. With reference to our dairy legislation. I think that the Dairymen's Association is going to be of great assistance. I do not awnt to encroach upon the talk of Dr. McNeil, which is coming later, but the Tuberculosis Bill which la now up. in my opinion, one of the greatest pieces of legislation that has been proposed in the State. There are other problems In dairy legislation which should be taken care : one In the questlop of the Dairy Testerns' License Law, concerned with the licensing of the teetero and milk plants, in order that the farmer may *>e sure that he is getting paid for the pounds of fat mat his milk con's. We have such a law now but have no money to enforce it. It Is necessary. In order to enforce the law. to have somebody on the road all the time seeing that the milk plants are obeying the law. I hope mat the dairy association, when organized, will do something along that line. All In all, I think that the dairy outlook for New Jersey in the next few years is exceptionally bright- The war. of course, is making it hard for the consumers to keep on using the same amount of milk that they used before, because of the high price of milk. That is, of course, affecting the dairy industry In general all over the country, and especially is it affecting the dairy industry In that section of the country where feeds are abnormally high in price, especially in the East. Our prices are comparatively high and the butter and cheese industry is gradually moving west, as we all know, to the part of the country where fe< is are cheap. The liquid mi!k industry, of course, cannot do that to any great extent, but I think that the higher price of liquid milk is going w affect i the liquid milk industry in tills country; it is going to drive people to use condensed milk mire and more, and condensed milk, of course, can be produ.-ed in the land of cheap feeds and shipped to the East. It 1 a little bit easier to handle from the standpoint of the housewife because she can get a can of milk from the groceryand nut it on her grocery bill, and it will keep as long as necessary That is going to affect the milk Industry to some extent; as the consumers get used to condensed milk. Just as they are getting used to butter substitutes, they will hardly get back the using of good milk again. That a factor which we have to consider. I have noticed the tendency in hotels, especially in the West, where people have been educated to the use of condomed milk: when both fresh and condensed milk were placed on the table the people who had been accustomed to using the condensed milk would take 1 tevery time. Hence, if people canned milk to any greater extent, it Is going to affect the market milk

industry.

Dairy Organizations Address of DR. L. H. PORTER Mr Chairman. Ladies and Gentlemen and Fellow Leaguers. I was about to say. because In New York when you have an assemblage of dairymen, you have an assemblage of the Dairymen’s l/earue. We believe in the bagiK in New York; we believe in its purposes. in Its accomplishments, in its aspirations and in Us future. It has been quite a few years since I visited this Legislative Hall, and while sitting here I have been wondering whether, of the laws of New Jersey were made by the Dairymen's League or the New Jersey Dairy Association, we wouldn't be likely to have Just as good laws, to say the ’.east, as we get from the hetheroveneous hodgepodge which comes tomes to make laws In New Jersey and Albany. ! am Inclined to think that we would have them at least as good, and perhaps some of them a little more

sensible.

J have reached an age where poetry ana eloquence are of very little con-

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sequence as compared to the vital affairs of the government ; : imd when you ask me to make an address on 'Dairy O-ganlzatlon." yon are coming pretty near to asking me to talk to you about legislation, because organization means in the last analysis, appropriate and sane laws. But they have always said that the dairyman nr the farmer doesn't know anything about leglslaUon. When you go to buy a pair of over shoes, the first and prime object, at I take it, is that they si all be waterproof. And so with gov ernment, if a government fulfills the purpose for which it is instituted. Lie protection of the life and the liberty and the property of its citizens— if those are the results—then all I hare to say is that that government Is rounding out its aim. and the best go .-err.mem is that whir’, is best adminir .red. I don't care what you call It. ror do I care very much about the theory upon which it is built: and re might give up a few of our boasted ibenies if we could get a little mon wisdom in ma'-ing laws and a goo l deal more energy In enforcing them. I don't count it, my fr rods, h very great privilege to talk politics and discourse with my nelgl: >ont concerning the various political adventurers who are candidates; th t they may conduct our goveromen: compared with a real sense of secur ty from violence and a protection against dishonest dealers in he ■ 0OL *aries of life. You know, as well os i do. that the real power of legislation Hi in the Senate nor in the House of Representatives. but in a third body known as the lobby, nd as long as that representatives are representing something else besides th people, who in theory are sending them to the legislature, we should do well to boast a little less and try little more to effect a real democracy in this country of ours. »-ow. if you are going to have dairy organization. 1 am going to ai you first in New Jersey, what part are you taking in the government of your State? What hand have you In the enactment of law* How are you represented? Speakirg for the country at large, 1 think it is absolutely within the limits of strict tnithfulnesto say that up to the present time, at least within a tew years, the farmers of this country have had absolutely nothing to say about the making of the laws of the country' In which they live. Why? Because they are not orgar.ized. Every other business, e-.ery other trade and occupation m this count ly and others has beer organized for years, and our luw-makers listen a body of men, but they don't listen a loose, disorgslzed, disrupted mob —and that is what the farmers have

so far been.

It has been an unending series of drudgery on teoneh wthekbe> drudgery on the one hand. ai. menace of biting poverty on the other —not for all, but for many. Agricui- ■ of late has been trying to walk one leg. Scientifically, we have had the Department of Agriculture In Washington sending out scientific bulletins—some of them erudite and profound and bristling with such techcould find out Vhat the sHrdluhrd! nicaUUes that nothing but experts could find out what the real meaning was after a week of study. They ore getting down now so that the ordinary man who runs may read and perhaps understand some few things, oven if they have been absolutely plain to the ordinary understanding, it only the teaching of the application of science to the development of the farm that was the business side of it; and wuen agriculture can possess itself on two legs, one of scientific knowledge and the other of business application, then agriculture will march forward in line with the other sciences and occupation of our country. othed.Ksnaiasw'? ningl p shrd shrdh I note in you- program here today and ye.iterday and the day before, that you have innumerable addresses and papers on everything that pertains to scientific cultivation of the farms in the development of specialties along expert lines, and not one single word as to how you are going to maritet these products after you have doubled the fertiUty of your soil. That >■ the question today, gentlemen: What are you going to do with your products? How are you going to market than? What are you going to do with me system of distribution? Tow are you going to Inode your products? In what manner are you going to increase the transportation facilities? How are you going to make it easier for farmers to come together and use their Joint strength? In short, how are you going to make farming profitable—that is the question! It is all weil enough to teU roe my dairy farm in New York to doable the production per acre. Well, I have been trying to do it and it has very often happened that when I did succeed with a certain crop* It wasn't worth money enough for me to draw it to the market. You talk about increasing the number of dairy cows, grading up your herds—all sounc'. practical advice, provided that after you have done these scientific things, so-called, you heve also gone to work and provided

way aa any otjer business ire derives to provide a profitable sales end for the products it manufac-

tures.

So I say your program today, with the exception of the last meeting Is absolutely silent aa to the business end of fanning. It is an astonishing thing, my friends, that in this country of •nancy on farms has increased to over 40 per cent. Just think of that for a moment: Forty farms out of every one hundred are occupied by tenancy, and in some parts of the United States this tenancy has gone up to 90 per cent, and the nativeborn Americans, the original owners of the farms, are drifting away steadily: so you are going bac hto the condition of Ireland. If that is true, then far out of the way in snying present condition of farming is breaking down. If this thing goes on. in ten or twenty years from now shall have an absolutely non-owner-ship system of farming in this country, and you know as well as I do exactly what that means. From the earliest time tenancy has been known as the mark of deterioratl-n in agriculture. Well, what are you going to do about it? You can do what Aastraiia has done, what England has done, what July is doing, what Germany is doing. You can give State aid. I am going into that because the time is too short, but State aid—dividing plots, selling it on long terms, without interest on the first few, taking care of the Individual owner and letting him pay for fifty years if necessary, is all good as far as you have gone; but when you have done thai, up pops again, like little Bam.uo’s ghost, this same figure that says. What are you going to do with the farm products after you have got then?? Now there is a kind of dairy organizioion that you and I are interested In—the bulsnees end of 1L That U the thing that the Departments of Foods and Markets in New York State have concern themselves with. I don't expect to solve it; I hope to begin suc-i-ssfuly the solution of it. The sys•m of distribution that we have that affects milk as well as other products. system that has grown up for years. It is the product, I think 1 can safely say, of business experience; and where you have a system that has taken years to form, that has grown stoadiiv and slowly. Ithink It is safe to svy that some parts of that system sound and sane and worthy of

preservation

So *n reforming our methods, it isn’t a question of sweeping aside with one fell swoop our present system of distribution; it is a question of preserving the parts which are excellent. Tin middlemen, taken as a group, are Just as good citizens as any other body of men—they may have their dishonest men, their grasping and avaricious men, that is very true, but don’t you find them elsewhere? So the problem isn’t to wipe out the dishonest and unscrupulous middlemen at the same time that we are modifying the system of distribution. You must remember that if in this milk quetlon you wl peout the middleman, for example. snd ship your own milk to New York and establish your own terminal stations, you will have only put another middleman in there: you will hare become the middleman then, you will have to pay the cost of that distrtbi'ting system in New York, yon will have to pay the rent of your markets, you will have to pay all those c’-arges that the middleman is paying now and If you can do that any cheaper than the middleman, then the middleman isn't a business necessity . If you can’t do It. then tlr middleman Is the man that you want, and in a great many cases in certain lines of buslne-s we will never be able to ilimlnaie thmlddlctnan because we need him and h» makes money for us. 1 leanu-d a urious th<ng a short while ago; that they have middlemen between middlemen to serve middlemen. You know hv they do it. It Is an actual fact that by establishing a new middleman between two others, money can be saved by the concentrated actlv'tbs this one man. Now that only shows that a good many of us, perhaps mistaken when we think that wt v sweep all this system out of existence at once. Now to come to our particular line, the producer. *«. we look at it, is the dairyman. Well, the producer has been pretty badly stung in the last twenty years. He had to take, in New York, at least (and I know he did here) what the dealers offered him. Well, It was largely the dairyman's own fault; he never did speak abo 't it, except when he went home, p* -• haps, if he was a very pious man. 1 e went out behind the barn and broke some of the commandments iu audible, vociferous language: but he never did anything more than that. The result was that when the time come, the dealers sent a notice that they should go up ‘Of o® 0 ® at U> ® c-P 1101 aad sign a contract, or they could go home and slop the hogs. And you and 1 did It until about a year ago last Oclovor when inspired by the royal battles of of our confrere out West, wo decided to make an effort to »h: w off some of these chains and emblems of servitude and see if wo couldn't have

price of our own product Well, you know what the result was; and now we are prepwed. like men.-tOjCaj- to these dealers, “We are not coming »o your office any more, we are not going to obey orders: we will Invite you to come into conference with ue and agree to a fair and decent price for our product, and if you don't want to dr that you can't have it” That Is what other business men do. That is what corporations do and that is what all kinds of business do. Well, what happened to us You know it Is a curious thing that there have been innumerable combinations to regulate prices of ail kinds of commodities: to raise prices, to fix prices, to hold prices, but has anything ever been done about it? Oh, yes. we have the Sherman Act and we have a few other things of that kind, but was it very noticeable that any particular thing you had in mind decreased in price any? If you know of such an example as that 1 would like to see you after this meeting and have an affidavit made out: I'd like to hunt that article

up and get the facts.

But when the Dairymen's League as organized and it steppeu on the dealers and affected their interests, why It was suddenly discovered that this was absolutely a most iniquitous and a most wicked proceeding on the part of the farmers. What right had they to get up and say that the consumer in New York City should pay for his bmilk? That was the argument. Therefore, being ignorant and therefore necessarily wicked, they had devled an organize on to fix and the price of milk. Accordingly, that eminent district attorney in New York. Mr. Swann, has induced a Jury ' our fellow citizens there to indict ■ven members of the League. Mind you. that was after the national government and Mr. Hoover and everybody else had told us to go ahead a-.d organize and protect our interests, and that that was the thing for us to do. New York State, through its Stole Administration said, "Go ahead and organize; that is what you ought to do." And what happened? The minute we organized we were threatened last winter and fall by prosecutions both from the Federal and State and city governments. That is what happened. And this ir lictment by the Jury in New York came after the decision of the Federal Milk Board of New York State, appointed for the purpose of investigating the prices fixed by the Dairymen's League i nNew York, to ascertain whether they were fair. After live weeks of investigation—and Mr. Hoover told me himself that he ild guorontee that this Federal Board, after It had ascertained the tun! cost of production of milk, would 1 to that a fair and decent profit • he dairy farmer. We are content wiih that and we went under the provisions, voluntarily, of this proposal made bv the Food Administratior ai Washington. What happened? T. ey only endorsed the prices set by the I>eague Inst October but they said

didn't aske enough: that

outlet, aad a profitable outlet. In something to say about the market

this is one I want to say ju>t a word

tsbeut

, We have now in New York a Milk ’Marketing Association, under the aus pices of the Dairy men's League, to which 1 am very sure some of you belong. We are almost, if not quite, the third largest distributing mil kcompany in New York City today. We are taking the place to a certain extent of some of the middlemen, and there belong to this milk marketing association 2 llarge co-operative creamery associations up the State. Well, wheryou can get dairymen together, where there is a community where the settleanent is thickly enough populated that there is enough of the product to make it possible to form an organization, a cooperative organization along the practical lini* that experience now dictates, that is absolutely the thing to do. It gives you better facilities for transports! i-m; it supplies. too, all farm products for that matter, it gives you a wider and better market, it afiords a chance for the grading and systematizing, for a standardization of your goods, and it awakens an interest in the business end that fanners need, and last but not least, it awakens a community spirit, which is of great benefit to the town or village or system of village* where this thing is located. I will not go into the details of what you have to do to form an organization because that, as Kipling says, “is a story' in itself." it is entirely another narative Still. I hope that you gentle-m-n who belong to the State Dairymen's Association will give your attention to the business side of dairying. That is the thing that must be Phone Plant in Day Uses 272 Tons of Lead In an effort to increase the output of telephone materials, the lack of which is mainly responsible fo; the present inability of the telephone companies to supply new subscribers with service, the Western Electric Company has brought its number of employe* at its main factory at Hawthorne. near Chicago, to the 22,000 mark during the last week, against 15,358 a year ago. Virtually 95 per of the world's transmission apparatus is manufactured at the Hawthorne plant The factory covers an area of 210 acre*. Daring the year which ended June 30 a huge amount of raw material that had collected was transformed into finished telephone equipment. The essentials included 3.600.000 pounds of copper, 18.000.000 pounds of steel, 100.000.000 pounds of lead, 1.000,000 pounds of antimony. 10.00u.000 pounds of brass, 9,000,000 pound's of cable paper and 2.000,000 pounds of silk and cotton yarns In addition, 10.000 tons of galvanized iron and steel wire and strand. 12.000 tons of pole

making any money and they have j llne 24.000,000 feet of V raised the prioe* of the league for the i ber product! , i 12,000.000 feet of clay month of January. j conduits and lO.uOO.OOO glass insulaNow In the face of all that, come | lors were purchased in the twelve these perfectly foolish indictments of . mon a, 8 bv the Western Electric Comthe officers of the le-gue for consn'r- Iiany for ius telephone consumers. Well. I am frank to say, gentle- j 0n one msh day last month 272 tons men. I haven’t much doubt that tA'o 1 0 f lead was used, while the average smashed the .Tonnelly Act, so vailed consumption for a week was 120U tons, in New York to a thousand splinters: | pjpnre* also show that 71.000 miles

“ ‘ " **" were made Into cable in a

we began It when we first made the move and we have kept It up ever since. What will be the out some of

prepared to say. 1 can

only say to you that if I were one of

1 shouldn't lose a wink of

sleep over it at all—they are not losing any in New York. I can assure you. We are speaking about dairy organizations. Now this is a dairy organization, but, gentlemen, this is also a scientific organization: this is an organization designed to enable you to get together and discuss matters which pertain to the betterment of your herds, the increasing of your product, the fertility ot your soil, and thin*.* of that kind. The organization that I have in mind is a co-operative organization. There are others, but

single week.

Mexicans Use First Names la Mexico men and women in the san s soc.al circle call each other by their Christian names.

'There, mamma" said the small boy, •is he gared at the dromedary, "that must be the camel that bad the last straw put on his back."

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