4

eration is dvocated as Watchword of Future HEODORE E. BURTON roper time for cooperation, ration ahould be the watchr bnaineaa here in America, too much legislation, is at wo0t on it. who l the way business can sucf ruthless competition. Many > been passed with this ob-

mble

orally will be competition, amount of competition all right. There should regulations to prevent combinations, byt co-opera-be the watchword of the t an Illustration of whst , which occurred at the

B armistice. Buyers of iron

1 for lower prices and i diminished production, e prices were higher than very condition weald

nrene if there is a genera*

n the making of purchases, r thst things are going to

t after the first of January,

so. but this present conas is more *hsn s bstikIt cannot be cured at

■ of money. It touches the la trial and comtrercis' fab-. I ramifications of trade. I

n fact expect, a very mater- [ after January first, t think it will do for us to

ne.

thst Interest* everybody

reached the bottom T" falling for some time. to the turn most occur

will be a long process behack to the conditions as

the early years of the I do not say that ill be years, but at least

gion

l 1912.

r 11

| the

mlng.

laths.

ne of the hopeful signs? ig any financial catasv more than wc used to. our calculations more very Idea of co-operation situation. If there is has been done by some organiictl' is, it is that l the . Urre. They it stani* on a comue. They can see They can slow up a manufacturing too fast,

ply to demand.

Is Seen In Good Banking

System

e abette- banking syswe look back on what the Vrecland-Aldrich It is amazing that this ever have gone along, way that it did, with a m absolutely lacking In t only that law. ptlcally superseded, but b law, which began 1 1914. I concede there lou power which rests In I. Reserve Board which «d, but 1 trust their au- « used wisely, and that is !wark in lime of storm. , demand is pitched on It will continue high, iffoni to buy for years to 1 many will have *o 1 the first point of attack >d, when large expendi- • personal

s depression the depart- | report their sales were *1 in November than tre is a limit to the time r will hold off in the h)1 lower prices. , we have a nassured I colossal resources of this | that we are the favored > world. We can adjust l and means to meet the 1 a way we could not be-

We have enormous crops, the probabilities of a plentiful supply of food. I am. frank to say there Is one thing I look upon as rather a moral question than financial; the general tendency of the people to Indulge In luxury. There seems to be a tendency of that kind that goes all through our population. the disposition to have a good

time.

Declares All Must Aid to Bring Country Out of Depression As I compare things In the country town whtre I used to live, and think of the hardship we went through then. In comparison with the luxury they enjoy now, and as I look upon the wonderful Industry and self-denial of the people in the Orient, It makes me afraid that we may lose our grip, and there la argent need of Individual industry and thrift In talking of economy. advice dots not apply to the big corporations and industries alone; It applies to every man and woman in the country. All must put their shoulders to the wheel to bring us out of this mud aod depression of financial difficulty. How wonderful are the chances of the American busin* -s man, merchants, *n»uuX«c.srer, bankers, all. reaching eve nto the \ least favored emut. in society. They hare an opportunity in this countr not only to make a living from i—y to day. but to rise, an opportunity denied to the people of any other country in the world. Above all, I wish to enjoin courage on all. Do not be overcome by present conditions. We have been through flurries and panics before. —Philadelphia Public ledger.

In connection with a power or transmitting tube. These circuits described are chosen to illustrate certain peculiar or not well-known or appreci-

ated effects.

Finally several points in connection with circuits for radio telephone trans-

milters are described.

The various points in connection with circuits for radio telephone trans-

mitters are described.

The various points taken up were

| briefly as follows:

Variatins of electron emission and life In a tungsten filament as function of filament current and voltage. Operation of filaments at constant voltage rather than constant current. The general rule* are given, the observance of which should greatly in-r-ease the filament life. The importance of operating tubes

in the correct position.

The eects which occur in an electron tube when it has a poor vacuum. The method of detertnlning whether this Is due to leakage or gases evolved from the anode due to overload. The indications of large amounts of leakage

Germans Flood Markets in Berlin With U. S. and English Imitations)

Electron Tubes and Their Uses Electron tubes was the theme of s lecture by W. C. White, of the General Electric Com pay last week at the Franklin Institute. The lecturer described the more unusual characteristics which are encountered in connection with the use of these tabes, which aer known also by the more customary names of vacuum tubes. Following Is a summarization of the lecture; The three-element vacuum tube, known to many under the name of audlon. electron tube, pllotrom or just vacuum tuba, is a new tool developed by Bclentisla for the electrical and particularly '.he radio engineer. This rir. ice is well known to electrical experimenters, and the literature on the subject'has grown rapidly, so that at ti e present time it la really

quite voluminous.

Their theory of operation is fairiy widely known to those Interested In (echnlcal matters and Is found In most nuxlem textbooks on physics and radio communication. Radio literature is usually generously sprinkled with vacuum tube circuit diagrams. This paper does ont take up any of the fundamental theories uT operation of the tube or its circuits, b"*. Is written in the i "-est of those who professionally or .’or plfasuro experiment with these devices. The paper also does not attempt to cover the field of vacuum tube operation. It is a rolber usual occurrence to those working with vacuum lubes in an experimental way to encounter unlocked for difficulties and obtain unex-

pected results.

A number oi these more unusual effects are discussed, and with the aid of diagrams theh cause and remedy

or control described.

The discussion is confined to tubes having a tungsten filament as the source of electron and a number of the characteristic or tungsten filaments as used in vacuum tubes are given. These point out various factorr to be observed so as to obtain the most satisfactory results and the longest tube

Berlin—German manufacturers have flooded the markets here with immitations of American, English and French wares, some so cleverly made it is difficult to detect them, btt others of an almost ludicrous clumsiress. A purchaser who goes into a tobacco shop and asks for a standard English or American dgare'te probably will be handMl a package with a label closely resembling the t udemark or the original. The price will be much less and frequently, plersed with the bargain, the customer puts the box in his pocket without closely examining -t- The fewer importe I tobaccos on sale are very expenal -'e, p d those which have not been smuggled in bear

the Import tax stamp.

Street venders of toba'-co... candies, and other articles displa) imported to-

The Importance of not overheating haecos and German Imiti lions side by ie glass of the bulb so that the * lde - * i ° eventual!- purchasers i vacuum may be left at a high value. lear ntte difference and .ecome wary. The effect of the plate current of the lalhouKh the German tob. ccoa are not tube causing an unequal distribution inferior to some imported irands. of the filament current ail thus short- , ‘he high «laas restauening the fllamen life. ' °nl>' imitatior. -arettes are A possible difficulty in the use of n so'd- The drug stor » -.*e perhaps the low-voltage direct current generator dispensers of the German . -Mtafor supplying the filament energy. Imported toilet articles and The advisability of using altempt- Particularly soap, shaving cream, tooth log current for filament lighting and P*** *nd Mons are very scares, the best method of connection. But 8,1 ,h <* wel1 kr * own American The importance of having both the brands have been Imitated, filament and plate energy sources on Trademrric imitators have displayed the ground side of the circuit. the ‘r best work In the saloons, where The necessity of reducing to as low ^‘“Fy bottles bear the label.-, of wella value a. posaible oscillating circuit known English manufacturers. The resistance and losses so as to obtain bottles have been filled with German good outputs at satisfactory effleirn- “ade whiskies, often white, but somei c j ot . j times colored, and the substance reeks -Pr-ciiUn. In tkt «*■ « « cwdty »' WU* ao** «*>•■» ll «“ r * "* mpw clmilt to obtain uUfaotory ImporW jin. vlrutnllf nowr kM. ' output, .nd prolpctioo for th. „pp.-,., Tb« lov.ntl.e Ul.nt b,» b«n ratug carried further, to include all sort* of SopjmUon. for tb« prop.,- tnnclton- 1 wenrtnt wpar,!. A .nil of rloth...

Ing of tubes operated In p .rallel. The pro;>er proportioning of induc-

tance and capacity in certain forms of

oscillating circuits.

displayed in a window and bearing a remarkably reasonable price tag, catches the eyes of the passerby. Upocareful examination, it will be fuund

The protoction of direct current pen- the cloth 1, nt.de of poper M.n, Mf. erotors owd for .upplyltt* plate roll- e«P>. 't»t. troo.er., and even .bln. ,,, f„r power tube, b, mean, of ™tde I»l» Pw*! *" ntiuntnum alHIdtninn ttrr™ier.. In Sh00 * “* ^ A method o, m.lnininlps . Ttrln- Ptrebued for • .tn.ll mm entek and mif constant frequency. >» Th " A method of obt.tr lim hleh veltap. ffT AmeHcm, and Enpll.b-m.de •t With fnqnencie.. "o' 1 * 1 * v <' 6 ~» UniUted

Electrolyte action in the glass ot certain types of tubes as a possible limiting factor for voltage of opera-

tion and power output.

Mora electrol omissions is raqui si for a modulated oscillation tube than

a simple oscillating tube.

The use of a miniature incandescent lamp as an Indicitor of the amount of modulation being obtained in a radio

telephone transmitter.

Cheapest Light in the World

Alligator Shooting

life. A number of the causes of tube failure are given and the syropto: is accompanying them described. Various methods of fliam ut opera lion ara deocribed, togethtr with some of tjteir advantages and disadvantages. Several oscillating circuit* are described as these are of chief Interest

PER CENT. PER AN ON SAVINGS ACCO

>en a rings Account

NNUM U N T S

Mail

Add to it regularly and know the satisfaction of watching your wealth increase CAPITAL AND SURPLUS $4,000,000 I'WF.ST END TRUST CO. , .nd So. PpooS,. PHILADELPHIA. PA. I '

It is said by those who have experimented with them that the light given by the fire-flies of Cuba is the “cheapest” i nthe world, produced. thaUs to say, wit htfce least heat and the smallest expenditure of energy, and that a successful imitation of it would prove to be a moat profitable si.baUtute for

An enthusiastic hunter who spends ^ electricity, his winters in Florida describes a Tt, c insects are beetles two inches canoe trip In company with two Pemi- i onK , and belong to the family of “snapnole Indians. Miccoel,.-e and Kowika. p i nc bugs.” so called, because, when who were engaged in their regular oc-; on ,. D f them Is laid on Us I xck. it | cupation of hunting alligators for snapg itself into the air with a clinkj their hides. ' mg sound. The secret of the light The canoe was a dug out, made by tbis firefly glvec it as yet undiscov- | Miccochee himself out of a huge cy- on .,i. Apparently it Is connected in ' press log. The trio made camp Ir.te fome way with .he mysterious pheIn the afternoon, and after awhile Mr. noD ]f»non of life and chemists and phyI Munroe diacoverai—what he hud not .irlnns have sought in vain to explain ! before suspected, thai the hunting was jt 8 origin. ! done at night. | On each isde of the beetle's thorn "Darkness hud hardly fallen before 1 [„ a luminous membranous spot, and 'the bellowing of alligators was heard these flash at intervals; so that the \ —a sound much like the roar of angry Cubans put a dozen of the insect* in a bulls. Miccochee listened with evt- uu*ether. and so obtain a contiud*nt satisfaction. Allaps'ta ple..ty. ous illumination bright enough to read Me catch 'em. Uncah" by. This light Is accompanied by no 1 "We hsd killed five of the monsters i perceptible heat, and Is seemtnly pro-1 when we turned our prow up stream. J duced with almost no expenditure of j Miccochee wielded his push pole from energy. the stern; Kowika sat in the middle of How great an Improvement it repthe canoe, while I with jack-light on resents upon all known artificial lights my head and rifle in band, occupied ,-an be imagined when it is stated that the position of hour in the bow. m candle light, lamplight, or gaslight “The alligators had ceased their ' the waste fa more than ninety-nine i*er muttering* and 1 had begun to think eem. In other words, if they could be , we had killed or frightened them all. so obtained as not to throw anything Just then 1 was startled by a slight away, they would give nearly one hunmotion on thi bank but a few feet dred times the illumination which they | away. At the sam einstam two coals J do afford. Even the electric lighr is • , of fire gleamed through the blackness. , mostly wasted. What could they be? i "I was about to speak, when a sharp | » t. . 'TVI/xc* !'hlsr' from behind told me iiial the V ICOflipiC 1 FIGS : moment of action had come. Taking Q|itr*tHp oc AVifp a hasty aim at one of the lurid coals, OUlulUt* do tt IIC 1 flml is Ignored The report of the rifle was followed to

Keeping Down - Mine Dust By Sprinkling Empty

Cars

The presence of ift*.t in the mines is one of th emany disagreeable features of life underground. It affect* the lungs and nasal and throat passages of some persons and besides this is a constai.i menace, for it forms a dangerous explosive. It has been said that the presence of dust in the air of the mines is the means of spreading the force of the explosion throughout the mine, whereas had it not been for the presence of the dust the damage might have been restricted to the portion of the mine where it originated. A very effective way of keeping down the dust in the mine ha* been found in sprinkling the empty coal cars. This scheme Is followed in one Kentucky mine an** the result shows a gree'. improvement over the former conuitions. The sprinkler is located on the main entry and near a pump, about 2000 feet from the drift mouth For the supply of water to the sprinkler it has been connected to the dis charge pipe of a pump which has been Installed for the purpose of forcing the water from the pump to the outside. The mar. wha tends the pump tarns the water on the sprinkler whenever an empty trip is i-asslng. The water that misses the cars, falling between them and at the sides, flows back into the pump. It ha* been found that the sprinkling of all empties works wonders in keeping dust down. Cara now enter the working places soaking wet and when dry coal is shoveled Into them dust does not rlst as it would if the coal were shoveled into dry cars having loose dust all over them. This method has another Important advantage. Before the cars were sprinkled, the mo lion of the train through the entries against the air currant would blow the fine dust from the dry cars and deposit it on the floor. When the car* are all wetted, water drips from thdm as they travel and so keeps the entry moist. From the excellent results se-ured by this method, it is expected that by installing more of these sprinklers to be able to keep the mines moist enough to be free from dust in all working places, except possibly with-

in rooms.

The London Fog Placed on the Scales London's famous fogs are to be measured, calibrated, weighed and otherwise assayed this winter in order, if possible, to determine their influence on the city's death ra»e. Dr John S. Owens, secretary of the Advisory Committee on AUrosphereic Pollution, is be in charge of the experiments, which wllf be conducttd by forcing a fixed value for fog through white paper. The relative deadline..* of the fog will then be guarded by the degree of discoloration of the paper. Dr. Owens believes that the ratio of dirt he fog corresponds with its ramro ful effects on the respiratory organs, and he also hopes to be able to present figures showing that the sm 'ke which makes up no small part of London's fogs .“presents a decided loss of efficiency in the use cf fuel. Although old timers say with assurance that London's fogs are not what they used to be. the answer is not improbably, “They never were.” Meanwhile .with London rejoicing because St. Martin's summer has brought four consecutive days without rain—something which has not happened for a long time—telegrams from Johannesburg. South Africa, state that airplanes are being employed there to drop dust on the clouds in the hope o; forcing the showers which are so bad'} needed. The Initial experiments were not successful, but the people there have not given up hope. Apparently no one he : considered condensing London's fogs, after they are weighed and analyzed and shipping them out where they really an needed.

Suggestions From Rebuilt French Cities Excess condemnation and final resale or leasing of lands adjacent to areas being taken for street widening and opening has enabled many cities and towns in the devastated region of France to finance the whole of these Improvements. An outline of this practice, together with a suggestion that it be adopted more generally in the United States, and also that benefit* as well as damages to the street improvement be assessed against »he abutting property, was presented at the recent meeting of .the American Society for Municipal Improvement by George B. Ford, of the Technical Ad visory Corporation. Contrary to the generally accepted views the French are permitting many street changes in rebuilding their cities. They are the more prone to do this since the government pays the larger pan of th** bill. Co-operative societies have been formed in moat of the towns which enable the Mnployment of one contractor. one engineer and one architect Instead of many of each, and to standardize the many unit parts of their buildings, such as windows and doors.

Origin of the Word “Trolley” Most persons who use the word “trolley” do not know the origin of this term, or why this name was given t othe apparatus by which the electricity Is conveyed from an over-head

wire.

Seventy years ago the word was used to designate "a form of truck wheih can be Ulted. for carrying railroad materials or the like.” This is the only definition of the word in Webster's Dictionary of the edition of

1848.

In the ediUon of 1892 of the same work, three other definitions arc add ed: 1. "A narrow cart that is puahed by hand or rrawn by an animal." It i i ncied that this meaning of the wo*-*', is in use in England, no' in the United States. 2. "A truck from which the load is suspended «on some kinds of cranes.” This meaning is technical, according to Webster, and employed only in speaking of machlery.” 3 “Electric railway. A truck which travels along the fixed conductors, and forms a means of connection between them and a railway car.” It ia easy to see how the primitive form of the electric trolley, which traveis upon the wire*, came to receive its name from Its resemblance to other types of trolley; and the name. h. ing been immediately given to L-«-primitive form, was naturally retained whe nthe method ow connection was charged from a little truck moving on a wire to a mast haying at its end a wheel pressing on the lower ri-fsce of the wire. Had the Measels Queen Wllhelmina, when she vas a lltte girl, was fond of dolls, and she imagined they were subject to all the ills flesh is heir to. One day. after the main part of the dinner v

Majesty. ;

s her v

appearance when the dessert whs served, and placed herself next to a courtly old general. After eating some fruit the little girl turned her gaze up at him and seriously e claimed: "I wonder you're not afraid to ait next to me!” Everybody at the table turned to ward the childish voice. "On the contrary." ^sid the genera!. “I'm hut too pleased and honored to ait next to my future Queen. Why should I be afraid?” j "'Cause.” and the UlUe ;-lr] looked quite woebegone, “my dollies have the measles-i-they're all of them down

with it."

If you wrap your 6eese In a cloth moistened with cold vinegar, the cheese will neither mold nor dry.

Butcher—"Come, John, be lively now; break the bone in Mrs. Williamson's chops and put Mr. Smith's ribs In the basket for him." John (briskly)—"AU right, sir. Just as soon as have sawed off Mrs. Murphy's leg."

wild rush Into the river, such

whirling an. splashing, such showers

of spraj and foam, that it wa

small cyclone had been dropped from

the sky into that quiet spot. "Little Kowika kcmtuied ir hi* «

ciicment, but Miccochee only t pressed his displeasure at my bad

shot by muttering, 'Ho-lo-wi

Heap bad!"'

refused

Paris—Because his parent*

i recognize as his wife s working girl whom he married recently, Viimpte de Vorillaot. 30 years old. Jumped into the Seine one morning last week. He war rescued In a *eri-

onditlon by Hit ..avers after he | had gone down three times.

The Vlcomte is a non-commissioned officer in an artillery r.-gonent ata-

Mrs. Gaxzi.rr (lo Sadie Bloombtu-p-1 U 08 ” 1 ' Toura - A ^ d «>'* «*° »» j

er)—“Where's your mamma Sadi

An Opportunity to Save Money

2-Buckle Heavy Arties *7EC Made for the U. S. Navy i 3 Retail Price $4.00. Our Price $2.75

$2.75

Sadie—"She went ov goylc't two hours ago t

j Mr*. Gar-

obtained permission to visit Paris In j a Anal effort to seek paternal approval

I of his marriage Physic!ana of the

i stay five min- j Val de Grace Hospital expressed doubt

I regarding his recovery.

Goodyear Rubbers S1.20 Heavy sole, broad toe only, made for U. S. Navy Sold retail at $2.25, special price $1.20 Add 10c. for parcels post in sending money order. Be

sure to state size.

R. FORSTER & SON 4239 Main St. Manayunk

Philadelphia, Pa.

Reference, Manayunk Trust Co.. Khila.